{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK","short_pith_number":"pith:VRZJJTR5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a9c66dedf90db48ed00b30304f1ddef19c17b6c143d86abdd3ff70b18f0b5bb2","abstract_canon_sha256":"286fcb9ad2f4b1a333b912d3d554d7feaf4d9cf36b961fa5d7834dfeb45b2609"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac7294ce3d348c862f34a4352acc5dca98ced1ec45d5b2b59014a10677926102","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.06003","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.06003","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.06003v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.06003","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5GSGI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a9c66dedf90db48ed00b30304f1ddef19c17b6c143d86abdd3ff70b18f0b5bb2","abstract_canon_sha256":"286fcb9ad2f4b1a333b912d3d554d7feaf4d9cf36b961fa5d7834dfeb45b2609"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ac7294ce3d348c862f34a4352acc5dca98ced1ec45d5b2b59014a10677926102","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946651Z","signature_b64":"D5xNIpmdCixShkw42CfhebCX6uTSi89AI9guM1xs1bkRHuv6ApApDATfYaXZyx7Evxvu0AdT3U9y5jChHZacDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ac7294ce3d348c862f34a4352acc5dca98ced1ec45d5b2b59014a10677926102","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946212Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946212Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.06003","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q5ba/CP0CuPsRrSnufDDkQsOqHpznKlbP6MxnbT3p7S8ajYtNziPQPL6tR/MQ/OSU7PlMTZ+38jl1bGStX43BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T11:56:24.774026Z"},"content_sha256":"493635fa0e5399516ee55f878237dc1d27b908e6372a1a80dd1c13b684495afd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:493635fa0e5399516ee55f878237dc1d27b908e6372a1a80dd1c13b684495afd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Twisted Gravitational Waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Bahram Mashhoon, Carmen Chicone, Donato Bini","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"In general relativity (GR), linearized gravitational waves propagating in empty Minkowski spacetime along a fixed spatial direction have the property that the wave front is the Euclidean plane. Beyond the linear regime, exact plane waves in GR have been studied theoretically for a long time and many exact vacuum solutions of the gravitational field equations are known that represent plane gravitational waves. These have parallel rays and uniform wave fronts. It turns out, however, that GR also admits exact solutions representing gravitational waves propagating along a fixed direction that are "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oG3LJiAEy5Yea5h+cv+Qqi2UB5+Cl8wwqbIaWTh57F/qJ9gV4Av4NQK59r+wPQpe8dY+0i5rSbhDmvBe35SwCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T11:56:24.774389Z"},"content_sha256":"2d5ac73a25a05fbbf9a5be125602fcfb664a1737a34a199ed7dcfb68d953aee9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2d5ac73a25a05fbbf9a5be125602fcfb664a1737a34a199ed7dcfb68d953aee9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T11:56:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZUUQ2SVTC5ZK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"286fcb9ad2f4b1a333b912d3d554d7feaf4d9cf36b961fa5d7834dfeb45b2609","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9c66dedf90db48ed00b30304f1ddef19c17b6c143d86abdd3ff70b18f0b5bb2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.06003","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.06003v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.06003","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5GSGI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5GSGIMLZU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VRZJJTR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2d5ac73a25a05fbbf9a5be125602fcfb664a1737a34a199ed7dcfb68d953aee9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In general relativity (GR), linearized gravitational waves propagating in empty Minkowski spacetime along a fixed spatial direction have the property that the wave front is the Euclidean plane. Beyond the linear regime, exact plane waves in GR have been studied theoretically for a long time and many exact vacuum solutions of the gravitational field equations are known that represent plane gravitational waves. These have parallel rays and uniform wave fronts. It turns out, however, that GR also admits exact solutions representing gravitational waves propagating along a fixed direction that are ","authors_text":"Bahram Mashhoon, Carmen Chicone, Donato Bini","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","title":"Twisted Gravitational Waves"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:493635fa0e5399516ee55f878237dc1d27b908e6372a1a80dd1c13b684495afd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"286fcb9ad2f4b1a333b912d3d554d7feaf4d9cf36b961fa5d7834dfeb45b2609","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2018-01-18T13:22:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9c66dedf90db48ed00b30304f1ddef19c17b6c143d86abdd3ff70b18f0b5bb2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.06003","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ac7294ce3d348c862f34a4352acc5dca98ced1ec45d5b2b59014a10677926102","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ac7294ce3d348c862f34a4352acc5dca98ced1ec45d5b2b59014a10677926102","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946212Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946212Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"D5xNIpmdCixShkw42CfhebCX6uTSi89AI9guM1xs1bkRHuv6ApApDATfYaXZyx7Evxvu0AdT3U9y5jChHZacDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:23.946651Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.06003","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:493635fa0e5399516ee55f878237dc1d27b908e6372a1a80dd1c13b684495afd","sha256:2d5ac73a25a05fbbf9a5be125602fcfb664a1737a34a199ed7dcfb68d953aee9"],"state_sha256":"c4844b5afa909e8f2ab496c510d1b40eb2fc9a212eca459e2e95067ecd99ff6e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JgR0rb6AB9XyOm3XiCrI7Sg0O0l8xa5fx6NaQaoNcgS8Egx3teq2nJz0N74luDOavp4RpnXsQbDaXoMdVnSVBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T11:56:24.778874Z","bundle_sha256":"afad8b3489d02154e003f125e6534aadbc428e0f5d5d17dd33f457e26a8aaad9"}}