{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW","short_pith_number":"pith:VW5WES4F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b92da035e13544cca3a5374f3232e454e1e06d24efec8d530b734c0b80f85885","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2200467d75429064143694aa4d3551cac214f2b6b5e1b9fe32cfe7badb8831"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"adbb624b851f4241ffe036b4db991745b437ad045333375705b15a0fa200f297","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.09756","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.09756","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.09756v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.09756","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VW5WES4FD5BE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VW5WES4FD5BED77A","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VW5WES4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b92da035e13544cca3a5374f3232e454e1e06d24efec8d530b734c0b80f85885","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2200467d75429064143694aa4d3551cac214f2b6b5e1b9fe32cfe7badb8831"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"adbb624b851f4241ffe036b4db991745b437ad045333375705b15a0fa200f297","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030636Z","signature_b64":"8J2MWClsVFocIk3JLcMyfPm4eGTUzrVkgaBLmye+6nfnCKevOLABgo9eg4DXCuyKWmxbP+NpVHB0joSpqkmiAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"adbb624b851f4241ffe036b4db991745b437ad045333375705b15a0fa200f297","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030231Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030231Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.09756","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MDXsDmJMViLgqxXGIKY8ToJkHnE9eBTH9XyqgYBnExpF/jBTbeImC8UIFwdFilohboqPwrdbOztEP40y96i6Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T08:53:37.729821Z"},"content_sha256":"5490fda4e8b1665f35154b8657c0322116b6ef3b3bbe7aac47408b1e58131e19","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5490fda4e8b1665f35154b8657c0322116b6ef3b3bbe7aac47408b1e58131e19"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Differentiable Product Quantization for End-to-End Embedding Compression","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Lala Li, Ting Chen, Yizhou Sun","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Embedding layers are commonly used to map discrete symbols into continuous embedding vectors that reflect their semantic meanings. Despite their effectiveness, the number of parameters in an embedding layer increases linearly with the number of symbols and poses a critical challenge on memory and storage constraints. In this work, we propose a generic and end-to-end learnable compression framework termed differentiable product quantization (DPQ). We present two instantiations of DPQ that leverage different approximation techniques to enable differentiability in end-to-end learning. Our method "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.09756/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ubW8bk0G+l8ZOPQrs/1IK1gqDNJ6ti4xkUM/k/IQ9ZTUw9J1RRD+fHhAlylwcjm4f25ur27xKSphxD4KYPGwDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T08:53:37.730361Z"},"content_sha256":"c4ebc2b6c8ceb33db19308e61d48e9a20086c90f2de4ab2c7f4a0292ddb5f967","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c4ebc2b6c8ceb33db19308e61d48e9a20086c90f2de4ab2c7f4a0292ddb5f967"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T08:53:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VW5WES4FD5BED77AG22NXGIXIW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2200467d75429064143694aa4d3551cac214f2b6b5e1b9fe32cfe7badb8831","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"b92da035e13544cca3a5374f3232e454e1e06d24efec8d530b734c0b80f85885"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.09756","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.09756v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.09756","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VW5WES4FD5BE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VW5WES4FD5BED77A","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VW5WES4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c4ebc2b6c8ceb33db19308e61d48e9a20086c90f2de4ab2c7f4a0292ddb5f967","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.09756/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Embedding layers are commonly used to map discrete symbols into continuous embedding vectors that reflect their semantic meanings. Despite their effectiveness, the number of parameters in an embedding layer increases linearly with the number of symbols and poses a critical challenge on memory and storage constraints. In this work, we propose a generic and end-to-end learnable compression framework termed differentiable product quantization (DPQ). We present two instantiations of DPQ that leverage different approximation techniques to enable differentiability in end-to-end learning. Our method ","authors_text":"Lala Li, Ting Chen, Yizhou Sun","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","title":"Differentiable Product Quantization for End-to-End Embedding Compression"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5490fda4e8b1665f35154b8657c0322116b6ef3b3bbe7aac47408b1e58131e19","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2200467d75429064143694aa4d3551cac214f2b6b5e1b9fe32cfe7badb8831","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T15:56:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"b92da035e13544cca3a5374f3232e454e1e06d24efec8d530b734c0b80f85885"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.09756","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"adbb624b851f4241ffe036b4db991745b437ad045333375705b15a0fa200f297","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"adbb624b851f4241ffe036b4db991745b437ad045333375705b15a0fa200f297","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030231Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030231Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8J2MWClsVFocIk3JLcMyfPm4eGTUzrVkgaBLmye+6nfnCKevOLABgo9eg4DXCuyKWmxbP+NpVHB0joSpqkmiAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:13:42.030636Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.09756","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5490fda4e8b1665f35154b8657c0322116b6ef3b3bbe7aac47408b1e58131e19","sha256:c4ebc2b6c8ceb33db19308e61d48e9a20086c90f2de4ab2c7f4a0292ddb5f967"],"state_sha256":"67a213fd70d991ca7afd9d5a4ed3e0ed1c337ec09e5759f2df356dc938944e0d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ap3FWEp22kMtG2xnYcUPNQjvTqGm90yYVJqMBPeXxh+CKcoZOcVbNEHeda5zk1lIpUXVLqy/fB69uCrzYjzzAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T08:53:37.735499Z","bundle_sha256":"e6cce371343b8ad5b22ad074d166eba443470044edecc79122bf4497651dcee5"}}