{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE","short_pith_number":"pith:VWK2BUIH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94e733cb4576d036f53ec2b91c9f5bef7562262da1558ee25664c9b698769462","abstract_canon_sha256":"6fe1ade92b4724fc5a61639a96dd8bbea4dc8c0f08df258c4633ae9a77cca682"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ad95a0d1072d2b00b449836eff5c935903afc7619cafe7846c1cc6b937b9883d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.08998","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.08998","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.08998v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.08998","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWK2BUIHFUVQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWK2BUIH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94e733cb4576d036f53ec2b91c9f5bef7562262da1558ee25664c9b698769462","abstract_canon_sha256":"6fe1ade92b4724fc5a61639a96dd8bbea4dc8c0f08df258c4633ae9a77cca682"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ad95a0d1072d2b00b449836eff5c935903afc7619cafe7846c1cc6b937b9883d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.620366Z","signature_b64":"9fMPMLDuuAXJJjpsGnZrEgZeQw70DTEOn0A9FQeDR2dcmixdQpiZnnA7CYAYKjpviTSk4JeKaVP1U6e0rXH4Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ad95a0d1072d2b00b449836eff5c935903afc7619cafe7846c1cc6b937b9883d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.619848Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.619848Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.08998","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y5heRcSqmzdBZ25bTuO7Qi8b4+Y14c7edKNC/LG9clBza1cRdnlCz4ojlsUXMEkfycFuRhVOVVcNCOYZO9IfDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:57:28.693196Z"},"content_sha256":"8a62bbd931b1694042949a5da09bccee53e61cc105b9eebd0830f6157656087a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8a62bbd931b1694042949a5da09bccee53e61cc105b9eebd0830f6157656087a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From Task-Specific Models to Unified Systems: A Review of Model Merging Approaches","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Jin Lu, Tianming Liu, Tianze Yang, Wei Ruan, Yifan Zhou","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Model merging has achieved significant success, with numerous innovative methods proposed to enhance capabilities by combining multiple models. However, challenges persist due to the lack of a unified framework for classification and systematic comparative analysis, leading to inconsistencies in terminologies and categorizations. Meanwhile, as an increasing number of fine-tuned models are publicly available, their original training data often remain inaccessible due to privacy concerns or intellectual property restrictions. This makes traditional multi-task learning based on shared training da"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.08998/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HtDAcl9sqbJaJfl+IzAh3WqKIq0gvPasfXRcTMnh4Y5XLBJEQPkZSbzJ1Ie7yo50kOxmwVrBzP3dqTR3bOBDDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:57:28.693913Z"},"content_sha256":"07f731eed4326e88b3d58ec93e3903dd1d93a51f7b5c25321d667d1ef0503e69","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07f731eed4326e88b3d58ec93e3903dd1d93a51f7b5c25321d667d1ef0503e69"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T08:57:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJQNXP6XETLE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6fe1ade92b4724fc5a61639a96dd8bbea4dc8c0f08df258c4633ae9a77cca682","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e733cb4576d036f53ec2b91c9f5bef7562262da1558ee25664c9b698769462"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.08998","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.08998v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.08998","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWK2BUIHFUVQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWK2BUIHFUVQBNCJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWK2BUIH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:07f731eed4326e88b3d58ec93e3903dd1d93a51f7b5c25321d667d1ef0503e69","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.08998/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Model merging has achieved significant success, with numerous innovative methods proposed to enhance capabilities by combining multiple models. However, challenges persist due to the lack of a unified framework for classification and systematic comparative analysis, leading to inconsistencies in terminologies and categorizations. Meanwhile, as an increasing number of fine-tuned models are publicly available, their original training data often remain inaccessible due to privacy concerns or intellectual property restrictions. This makes traditional multi-task learning based on shared training da","authors_text":"Jin Lu, Tianming Liu, Tianze Yang, Wei Ruan, Yifan Zhou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","title":"From Task-Specific Models to Unified Systems: A Review of Model Merging Approaches"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8a62bbd931b1694042949a5da09bccee53e61cc105b9eebd0830f6157656087a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6fe1ade92b4724fc5a61639a96dd8bbea4dc8c0f08df258c4633ae9a77cca682","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T02:17:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e733cb4576d036f53ec2b91c9f5bef7562262da1558ee25664c9b698769462"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.08998","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ad95a0d1072d2b00b449836eff5c935903afc7619cafe7846c1cc6b937b9883d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ad95a0d1072d2b00b449836eff5c935903afc7619cafe7846c1cc6b937b9883d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.619848Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.619848Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9fMPMLDuuAXJJjpsGnZrEgZeQw70DTEOn0A9FQeDR2dcmixdQpiZnnA7CYAYKjpviTSk4JeKaVP1U6e0rXH4Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:29:45.620366Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.08998","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8a62bbd931b1694042949a5da09bccee53e61cc105b9eebd0830f6157656087a","sha256:07f731eed4326e88b3d58ec93e3903dd1d93a51f7b5c25321d667d1ef0503e69"],"state_sha256":"412c55724aa3890f93cee93a23a798efbdca0f168e5b8576db64f73136243b84"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dtpcbxEJMOiv1FTQGcf/5p/xNWCGI+u9NUiMgMgq2guSoba7iZv5P0U5GqAoMxFfRvclz+x0zjKCLH/owNvYAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:57:28.699563Z","bundle_sha256":"148b3057f6b8fce1afe6c2c49b829dab0f252267c93f24b60526dbe24f5c9c0f"}}