{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T","short_pith_number":"pith:VWPB3JPJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9245fbfb8cefb2b699222ec943fc98bba38473798c80a9d5f0f23ba05376c5a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4fba021251868dc1e2b909521779ba9aebadadd16c989419852c721183e40b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ad9e1da5e931d4ec1d4d4e69144e52d4f078267df6a4e8878698a9d810215059","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1507.02385","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.02385","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.02385v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.02385","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJGHKO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9245fbfb8cefb2b699222ec943fc98bba38473798c80a9d5f0f23ba05376c5a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d4fba021251868dc1e2b909521779ba9aebadadd16c989419852c721183e40b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ad9e1da5e931d4ec1d4d4e69144e52d4f078267df6a4e8878698a9d810215059","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.008332Z","signature_b64":"cX1XyhTQ0TOQaAaF0XNn18rEkftrjXTsJp/okCNmyzJlYuS79C0I/a1Hn0jnxoSv/O4RQIW4tU6G0PdroBBYBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ad9e1da5e931d4ec1d4d4e69144e52d4f078267df6a4e8878698a9d810215059","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.007631Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.007631Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1507.02385","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IrK/0Mf9Ki8zs93jKFLPxiesgDZ2q2xpEGPVsYDfSDC8Tc9Yv6hM0qyBMINpghNZvUayQL071vBH+AmdyBL/DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:59:06.256173Z"},"content_sha256":"cb99c41ccfbf60ea38ebcaf6e308246b93a7cff7a413d02b85861fedf50a2425","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb99c41ccfbf60ea38ebcaf6e308246b93a7cff7a413d02b85861fedf50a2425"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Effective Codebookless Model for Image Classification","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Lei Zhang, Peihua Li, Qilong Wang, Wangmeng Zuo","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"The bag-of-features (BoF) model for image classification has been thoroughly studied over the last decade. Different from the widely used BoF methods which modeled images with a pre-trained codebook, the alternative codebook free image modeling method, which we call Codebookless Model (CLM), attracted little attention. In this paper, we present an effective CLM that represents an image with a single Gaussian for classification. By embedding Gaussian manifold into a vector space, we show that the simple incorporation of our CLM into a linear classifier achieves very competitive accuracy compare"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HFw0YLjf0oU+kLlDNjqM+uDCKaVKDelKatadCRQXPx751AYQ9SqT+dHCfW+7IKsP+OQnssCYOYDuDf3blHh7BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:59:06.256827Z"},"content_sha256":"4236641c95a00e433a072d1ad84c2b5acd796e465fa16831c77c049ad682f390","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4236641c95a00e433a072d1ad84c2b5acd796e465fa16831c77c049ad682f390"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T12:59:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKNJZURITSS2T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4fba021251868dc1e2b909521779ba9aebadadd16c989419852c721183e40b4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9245fbfb8cefb2b699222ec943fc98bba38473798c80a9d5f0f23ba05376c5a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.02385","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.02385v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.02385","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJGHKO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJGHKOYHKN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWPB3JPJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4236641c95a00e433a072d1ad84c2b5acd796e465fa16831c77c049ad682f390","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The bag-of-features (BoF) model for image classification has been thoroughly studied over the last decade. Different from the widely used BoF methods which modeled images with a pre-trained codebook, the alternative codebook free image modeling method, which we call Codebookless Model (CLM), attracted little attention. In this paper, we present an effective CLM that represents an image with a single Gaussian for classification. By embedding Gaussian manifold into a vector space, we show that the simple incorporation of our CLM into a linear classifier achieves very competitive accuracy compare","authors_text":"Lei Zhang, Peihua Li, Qilong Wang, Wangmeng Zuo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","title":"Towards Effective Codebookless Model for Image Classification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cb99c41ccfbf60ea38ebcaf6e308246b93a7cff7a413d02b85861fedf50a2425","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d4fba021251868dc1e2b909521779ba9aebadadd16c989419852c721183e40b4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2015-07-09T06:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"9245fbfb8cefb2b699222ec943fc98bba38473798c80a9d5f0f23ba05376c5a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.02385","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ad9e1da5e931d4ec1d4d4e69144e52d4f078267df6a4e8878698a9d810215059","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ad9e1da5e931d4ec1d4d4e69144e52d4f078267df6a4e8878698a9d810215059","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.007631Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.007631Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cX1XyhTQ0TOQaAaF0XNn18rEkftrjXTsJp/okCNmyzJlYuS79C0I/a1Hn0jnxoSv/O4RQIW4tU6G0PdroBBYBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:43.008332Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1507.02385","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cb99c41ccfbf60ea38ebcaf6e308246b93a7cff7a413d02b85861fedf50a2425","sha256:4236641c95a00e433a072d1ad84c2b5acd796e465fa16831c77c049ad682f390"],"state_sha256":"740617f7f29fd717fe04e7b5f08293768acf021dca38ca751698243bf3ae6654"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MzUEsHpRirImfS13ZaDr21gQS9Erv1nVPoXVwVWslOuWK8Ni/ma7DBnWPVHyu/HvdNCFn69oREv5QzAVqjOWBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:59:06.259781Z","bundle_sha256":"c7d536debf93db8f6c9f8bdab8d68bb79279a9e2127efd580d29236c225304f3"}}