{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ","short_pith_number":"pith:VWUCMJGV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d62ecbaf888c0eeb19a103cc3c11dc9ce6f02a4fcf04ff7edbb2cdafc3c1a22","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7e5aa143f0787a1d8bf2fe877a34f9096bafbbf2b3c277de262e6e452f26fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ada82624d56392f284ea73d92d9c145c3aef3cf0dbbea6f26266e1bef1c5b510","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1411.4056","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1411.4056","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1411.4056v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1411.4056","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWUCMJGVMOJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWUCMJGV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d62ecbaf888c0eeb19a103cc3c11dc9ce6f02a4fcf04ff7edbb2cdafc3c1a22","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7e5aa143f0787a1d8bf2fe877a34f9096bafbbf2b3c277de262e6e452f26fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ada82624d56392f284ea73d92d9c145c3aef3cf0dbbea6f26266e1bef1c5b510","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.629224Z","signature_b64":"ZDlzx9GZLo6q8jEApHOLK0v34zoHesUNNDW7wtkVW0hh2w3DVPLxe1ComhXqdkGpRQmerz/XW3DMB9nGAi0yCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ada82624d56392f284ea73d92d9c145c3aef3cf0dbbea6f26266e1bef1c5b510","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.628746Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.628746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1411.4056","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jNyl139WNcWgw+U7+YCWPGqgdRMUdG0sQ2FFu71l7BtZ3QmroE/vCan17mvxGYTLkjECzmDGvjgcJfuY6HurBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T18:57:00.242128Z"},"content_sha256":"3b138edaf485a599f0694a44bd1745f9757afafeac9a9af6eb90dd828ec1c621","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b138edaf485a599f0694a44bd1745f9757afafeac9a9af6eb90dd828ec1c621"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Tuning the catalytic activity of graphene nanosheets for oxygen reduction reaction via size and thickness reduction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"John Benson, Litao Sun, Meixian Li, Pagona Papakonstantinou, Peng Wang, Qian Xu, Tanyuan Wang, Yuting Shen","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Currently, the fundamental factors that control the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of graphene itself, in particular the dependence of the ORR activity on the number of exposed edge sites remain elusive, mainly due to limited synthesis routes of achieving small size graphene. In this work, the synthesis of low oxygen content (< 2.5 +/-0.2 at %), few layer graphene nanosheets with lateral dimensions smaller than a few hundred nm was achieved using a combination of ionic liquid assisted grinding of high purity graphite coupled with sequential centrifugation. We show for the first time,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aa/9CMJt1Jab6E+jRKhciidm1tKQomiDt0DJ2JkQm7Hr90KPy/pG6AJvojNq/yUQBB/+Hf6rtG0o7I1QNB1CDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T18:57:00.242497Z"},"content_sha256":"1c194c9757f4fda39f694bd43a4d0222697cd9dfddaa52dc18936a006a628448","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c194c9757f4fda39f694bd43a4d0222697cd9dfddaa52dc18936a006a628448"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T18:57:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHKOPMS3HAULQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7e5aa143f0787a1d8bf2fe877a34f9096bafbbf2b3c277de262e6e452f26fe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d62ecbaf888c0eeb19a103cc3c11dc9ce6f02a4fcf04ff7edbb2cdafc3c1a22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1411.4056","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1411.4056v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1411.4056","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VWUCMJGVMOJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VWUCMJGVMOJPFBHK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VWUCMJGV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1c194c9757f4fda39f694bd43a4d0222697cd9dfddaa52dc18936a006a628448","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Currently, the fundamental factors that control the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of graphene itself, in particular the dependence of the ORR activity on the number of exposed edge sites remain elusive, mainly due to limited synthesis routes of achieving small size graphene. In this work, the synthesis of low oxygen content (< 2.5 +/-0.2 at %), few layer graphene nanosheets with lateral dimensions smaller than a few hundred nm was achieved using a combination of ionic liquid assisted grinding of high purity graphite coupled with sequential centrifugation. We show for the first time,","authors_text":"John Benson, Litao Sun, Meixian Li, Pagona Papakonstantinou, Peng Wang, Qian Xu, Tanyuan Wang, Yuting Shen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","title":"Tuning the catalytic activity of graphene nanosheets for oxygen reduction reaction via size and thickness reduction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3b138edaf485a599f0694a44bd1745f9757afafeac9a9af6eb90dd828ec1c621","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7e5aa143f0787a1d8bf2fe877a34f9096bafbbf2b3c277de262e6e452f26fe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-11-13T10:34:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d62ecbaf888c0eeb19a103cc3c11dc9ce6f02a4fcf04ff7edbb2cdafc3c1a22"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1411.4056","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ada82624d56392f284ea73d92d9c145c3aef3cf0dbbea6f26266e1bef1c5b510","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ada82624d56392f284ea73d92d9c145c3aef3cf0dbbea6f26266e1bef1c5b510","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.628746Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.628746Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZDlzx9GZLo6q8jEApHOLK0v34zoHesUNNDW7wtkVW0hh2w3DVPLxe1ComhXqdkGpRQmerz/XW3DMB9nGAi0yCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:46.629224Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1411.4056","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3b138edaf485a599f0694a44bd1745f9757afafeac9a9af6eb90dd828ec1c621","sha256:1c194c9757f4fda39f694bd43a4d0222697cd9dfddaa52dc18936a006a628448"],"state_sha256":"bf6a53eb23310dfa1573ba4856cf321114a69b2ff7f5b6d7e60d6836eced28cb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SAbCOJVKdm5Aa59D6hJSI/z6d1vgWy+uajIMvRHknUpkI9DlQv8X+qeQix+aABPvbpW9nibb/T151aotCBg8Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T18:57:00.244429Z","bundle_sha256":"6de431fd30674b39261f1f085cb00f150be094b67445d1b71d403f5d6ec3c548"}}