{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6","short_pith_number":"pith:VXPJENIP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff6ad94d217d7c18bd121fa4fc1bd7152584c9c26cc4c3730d839c133e991127","abstract_canon_sha256":"f802afe3554bede9cbb57d5b7750745b2d1ebfcb4165048ddaa27cb0ec3fee82"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"adde92350fdb0c025e6e006146edfaafa95b7c1f9ed68c5bce80dc99a5c9011a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.03272","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.03272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.03272v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.03272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VXPJENIP3MGA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VXPJENIP3MGAEXTO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VXPJENIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff6ad94d217d7c18bd121fa4fc1bd7152584c9c26cc4c3730d839c133e991127","abstract_canon_sha256":"f802afe3554bede9cbb57d5b7750745b2d1ebfcb4165048ddaa27cb0ec3fee82"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"adde92350fdb0c025e6e006146edfaafa95b7c1f9ed68c5bce80dc99a5c9011a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888527Z","signature_b64":"inyPoSN5wwSRpJuIXyfa0boQ+JkkI9XqdmipNgVfvX+KVthbNmSPOU5z8VyLY7TVljWG7/4BLDH5yg1AjtPACw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"adde92350fdb0c025e6e006146edfaafa95b7c1f9ed68c5bce80dc99a5c9011a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888103Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888103Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.03272","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I9bF9D4vgwlL7p33IGwQBrtKRuBfbfoVeitPIZP5TeG0Dw5jFLVEIEuYHCvNZE0gqfcORKQem5qh16AA8MmEAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:45.054908Z"},"content_sha256":"6120ac1d0105a7c96a0ac30e0e3b689e4ddd3a82f9c15352706eede2e2f993df","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6120ac1d0105a7c96a0ac30e0e3b689e4ddd3a82f9c15352706eede2e2f993df"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Amplitude enhancement of the self-modulated plasma wakefields","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"A. P. Sosedkin, G. Xia, K. V. Lotov, S. J. Gessner, Y. Li, Y. Zhao","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Seeded Self-modulation (SSM) has been demonstrated to transform a long proton bunch into many equidistant micro-bunches (e.g., the AWAKE case), which then resonantly excite strong wakefields. However, the wakefields in a uniform plasma suffer from a quick amplitude drop after reaching the peak. This is caused by a significant decrease of the wake phase velocity during self-modulation. A large number of protons slip out of focusing and decelerating regions and get lost, and thus cannot contribute to the wakefield growth. Previously suggested solutions incorporate a sharp or a linear plasma long"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uTEFvuZOLrpDoFzZCiWHgVTrOebATz+tbVF/s3QiCgOgKpOeCJ/8AZ+35N4Flfmjor7mpQ3Fdq64Vk5Pb1x5Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:45.055643Z"},"content_sha256":"75836fd6fa93a0e27e2e26e9a599c9a86e122e054b40fd42823687477d86b98d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75836fd6fa93a0e27e2e26e9a599c9a86e122e054b40fd42823687477d86b98d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:VXPJENIP3MGAEXTOABQUN3P2V6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f802afe3554bede9cbb57d5b7750745b2d1ebfcb4165048ddaa27cb0ec3fee82","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff6ad94d217d7c18bd121fa4fc1bd7152584c9c26cc4c3730d839c133e991127"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.03272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.03272v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.03272","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VXPJENIP3MGA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VXPJENIP3MGAEXTO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VXPJENIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:75836fd6fa93a0e27e2e26e9a599c9a86e122e054b40fd42823687477d86b98d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Seeded Self-modulation (SSM) has been demonstrated to transform a long proton bunch into many equidistant micro-bunches (e.g., the AWAKE case), which then resonantly excite strong wakefields. However, the wakefields in a uniform plasma suffer from a quick amplitude drop after reaching the peak. This is caused by a significant decrease of the wake phase velocity during self-modulation. A large number of protons slip out of focusing and decelerating regions and get lost, and thus cannot contribute to the wakefield growth. Previously suggested solutions incorporate a sharp or a linear plasma long","authors_text":"A. P. Sosedkin, G. Xia, K. V. Lotov, S. J. Gessner, Y. Li, Y. Zhao","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","title":"Amplitude enhancement of the self-modulated plasma wakefields"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6120ac1d0105a7c96a0ac30e0e3b689e4ddd3a82f9c15352706eede2e2f993df","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f802afe3554bede9cbb57d5b7750745b2d1ebfcb4165048ddaa27cb0ec3fee82","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-08T20:40:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff6ad94d217d7c18bd121fa4fc1bd7152584c9c26cc4c3730d839c133e991127"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.03272","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"adde92350fdb0c025e6e006146edfaafa95b7c1f9ed68c5bce80dc99a5c9011a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"adde92350fdb0c025e6e006146edfaafa95b7c1f9ed68c5bce80dc99a5c9011a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888103Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888103Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"inyPoSN5wwSRpJuIXyfa0boQ+JkkI9XqdmipNgVfvX+KVthbNmSPOU5z8VyLY7TVljWG7/4BLDH5yg1AjtPACw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:05.888527Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.03272","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6120ac1d0105a7c96a0ac30e0e3b689e4ddd3a82f9c15352706eede2e2f993df","sha256:75836fd6fa93a0e27e2e26e9a599c9a86e122e054b40fd42823687477d86b98d"],"state_sha256":"ce39677133677a65ef6c95ded494c36b3fa6c27c16b997ff11be69722b5cbb6f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E1y3K2TVwMJ8fmSvY83MtGY5O6kcFMZ6ExudfZrNXHCe7maS4neG0hADza9O3kyXS7zHVtTet1AkMWZbWWCqDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T18:52:45.059725Z","bundle_sha256":"ad5f82f90b3c342771ba6e98e516b2ed74bf07ffd2b49d59ca7d7e30f1bc8434"}}