{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA","short_pith_number":"pith:VXQ6HMNX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bad4c1f2840c5a05f4f8bf30b6ed2fd71a30b607ad488f01c04597d5d765cf6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"4482e6d46564814f08eb9d4dd7a533eaa4bd696078cb8cd5c25255ddff867137"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ade1e3b1b7e847641c7e9164c98daa7019c9f48dbea4981139f6c3ae3140d7b9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.09980","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.09980","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.09980v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.09980","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX5BDW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bad4c1f2840c5a05f4f8bf30b6ed2fd71a30b607ad488f01c04597d5d765cf6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"4482e6d46564814f08eb9d4dd7a533eaa4bd696078cb8cd5c25255ddff867137"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ade1e3b1b7e847641c7e9164c98daa7019c9f48dbea4981139f6c3ae3140d7b9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842582Z","signature_b64":"4fd9DV5jzJlO6SW6+IAfX6vBcRTx/WjxCd8So/Gbg6NTvtYIj3WukWGOX0d3vIPw/gvGv+HgrHv9vJ5ZQ/ijCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ade1e3b1b7e847641c7e9164c98daa7019c9f48dbea4981139f6c3ae3140d7b9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842139Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842139Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.09980","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vgbUDbu2bgyt0WC6ZO+qYTDgY1vRwacvo2Vnua9SY0H9S0zAnNCuOq2bY1rhfNyJ6YKoN3b79QWYi/w0cXJqDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T23:40:14.382535Z"},"content_sha256":"2f4a45ab4b0c9f3d42b0aa4e398cc232e14b8c230ad1413dd1c16235cf322bcc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f4a45ab4b0c9f3d42b0aa4e398cc232e14b8c230ad1413dd1c16235cf322bcc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Adjoint-based machine learning for active flow control","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Jonathan F. MacArt, Xuemin Liu","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We develop neural-network active flow controllers using a deep learning PDE augmentation method (DPM). The sensitivities for optimization are computed using adjoints of the governing equations without restriction on the terms that may appear in the objective function. In 1D Burgers' examples with analytic control functions, DPM-based control is comparably effective to supervised learning for in-sample solutions and more effective for out-of-sample solutions. The influence of the optimization time interval is analyzed, the results of which influence algorithm design and hyperparameter choice, b"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.09980/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ULrcEjdQ42a3nkHZFFwHJF63vAFhpqc0rhu7yFLQ7UTDP+6RcldN5BZ7PwTPV6bnrGFPh0mFo6cUTkceIRNQAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T23:40:14.382911Z"},"content_sha256":"120ce5ab116bb42b8b44547ebc5e5eca4862258db1d1fd687606441ed967aac9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:120ce5ab116bb42b8b44547ebc5e5eca4862258db1d1fd687606441ed967aac9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-23T23:40:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6SFSMTDNKOA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4482e6d46564814f08eb9d4dd7a533eaa4bd696078cb8cd5c25255ddff867137","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"bad4c1f2840c5a05f4f8bf30b6ed2fd71a30b607ad488f01c04597d5d765cf6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.09980","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.09980v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.09980","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX5BDW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX5BDWIHD6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VXQ6HMNX","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:120ce5ab116bb42b8b44547ebc5e5eca4862258db1d1fd687606441ed967aac9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.09980/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We develop neural-network active flow controllers using a deep learning PDE augmentation method (DPM). The sensitivities for optimization are computed using adjoints of the governing equations without restriction on the terms that may appear in the objective function. In 1D Burgers' examples with analytic control functions, DPM-based control is comparably effective to supervised learning for in-sample solutions and more effective for out-of-sample solutions. The influence of the optimization time interval is analyzed, the results of which influence algorithm design and hyperparameter choice, b","authors_text":"Jonathan F. MacArt, Xuemin Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","title":"Adjoint-based machine learning for active flow control"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2f4a45ab4b0c9f3d42b0aa4e398cc232e14b8c230ad1413dd1c16235cf322bcc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4482e6d46564814f08eb9d4dd7a533eaa4bd696078cb8cd5c25255ddff867137","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2023-07-19T13:39:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"bad4c1f2840c5a05f4f8bf30b6ed2fd71a30b607ad488f01c04597d5d765cf6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.09980","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ade1e3b1b7e847641c7e9164c98daa7019c9f48dbea4981139f6c3ae3140d7b9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ade1e3b1b7e847641c7e9164c98daa7019c9f48dbea4981139f6c3ae3140d7b9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842139Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842139Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4fd9DV5jzJlO6SW6+IAfX6vBcRTx/WjxCd8So/Gbg6NTvtYIj3WukWGOX0d3vIPw/gvGv+HgrHv9vJ5ZQ/ijCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:32:48.842582Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.09980","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2f4a45ab4b0c9f3d42b0aa4e398cc232e14b8c230ad1413dd1c16235cf322bcc","sha256:120ce5ab116bb42b8b44547ebc5e5eca4862258db1d1fd687606441ed967aac9"],"state_sha256":"07d83bba98337d42611e764258f4a58557e9814f3551aee9b69b8d5a202264ad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o7xt3sMEw2pOzq5DiFOLkxZPLjtBVkH3sFaioONKIN37I1zp522VXfecdVJxuLgkiQFVi4uud6UILVsXqXyDBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-23T23:40:14.385413Z","bundle_sha256":"00c99325be9dc20473c8bd2764d3ebeb197b38f72830ebecbddf9510b8c4d0d2"}}