{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3","short_pith_number":"pith:VYFP46HC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0903a4fa06dfb069fe904d9ef2278ecbaca59983f54c697b362bc1149fcde847","abstract_canon_sha256":"f5cf5c93278255de4a9e1797c94f0738aae0356d171def787fcc3680b48157db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae0afe78e2610087c3753648342be536c23cc98c893e04adf862d38b5ea53c51","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.15543","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.15543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.15543v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.15543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VYFP46HCMEAI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3V","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VYFP46HC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0903a4fa06dfb069fe904d9ef2278ecbaca59983f54c697b362bc1149fcde847","abstract_canon_sha256":"f5cf5c93278255de4a9e1797c94f0738aae0356d171def787fcc3680b48157db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae0afe78e2610087c3753648342be536c23cc98c893e04adf862d38b5ea53c51","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.229384Z","signature_b64":"X0j1QC4uhaGNwOrvE6XHKHXI5/mt3kFbEKWUA0gm/Ri1mKlvxOQYQca+amXqwdTB0JuPSwkSNZnjr8CxwvriDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae0afe78e2610087c3753648342be536c23cc98c893e04adf862d38b5ea53c51","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.228917Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.228917Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.15543","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ILhLBinSDAX1VdD4zNBA6U9vPPktP95clWAVAc+JYM7zJGRftCg5NbKhWXiN52+/vADQzR7WsoeESg+FjUspAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:02:30.481003Z"},"content_sha256":"474524bc631e7d06bfeab008c66f7ed75b72379e791607bd380b55c92d9b7c64","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:474524bc631e7d06bfeab008c66f7ed75b72379e791607bd380b55c92d9b7c64"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Be Careful about Poisoned Word Embeddings: Exploring the Vulnerability of the Embedding Layers in NLP Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Bin He, Lei Li, Wenkai Yang, Xuancheng Ren, Xu Sun, Zhiyuan Zhang","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent studies have revealed a security threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, called the Backdoor Attack. Victim models can maintain competitive performance on clean samples while behaving abnormally on samples with a specific trigger word inserted. Previous backdoor attacking methods usually assume that attackers have a certain degree of data knowledge, either the dataset which users would use or proxy datasets for a similar task, for implementing the data poisoning procedure. However, in this paper, we find that it is possible to hack the model in a data-free way by modifying o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.15543/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Em4jb3olco93JyNhDvB95Hn2wVTLm37zp4J9TnAg50+K9dNgf8m2ec3OEHNbdJwCWJBQctKaEszpvGmpUmdwAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:02:30.482057Z"},"content_sha256":"f55f19aaf89e1850ee88eff077315c6db84b1cb6dc3031f1eae9ad5148d81bee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f55f19aaf89e1850ee88eff077315c6db84b1cb6dc3031f1eae9ad5148d81bee"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T18:02:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3VGZEDIK7FG3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f5cf5c93278255de4a9e1797c94f0738aae0356d171def787fcc3680b48157db","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"0903a4fa06dfb069fe904d9ef2278ecbaca59983f54c697b362bc1149fcde847"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.15543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.15543v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.15543","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VYFP46HCMEAI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VYFP46HCMEAIPQ3V","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VYFP46HC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f55f19aaf89e1850ee88eff077315c6db84b1cb6dc3031f1eae9ad5148d81bee","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.15543/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent studies have revealed a security threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, called the Backdoor Attack. Victim models can maintain competitive performance on clean samples while behaving abnormally on samples with a specific trigger word inserted. Previous backdoor attacking methods usually assume that attackers have a certain degree of data knowledge, either the dataset which users would use or proxy datasets for a similar task, for implementing the data poisoning procedure. However, in this paper, we find that it is possible to hack the model in a data-free way by modifying o","authors_text":"Bin He, Lei Li, Wenkai Yang, Xuancheng Ren, Xu Sun, Zhiyuan Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","title":"Be Careful about Poisoned Word Embeddings: Exploring the Vulnerability of the Embedding Layers in NLP Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:474524bc631e7d06bfeab008c66f7ed75b72379e791607bd380b55c92d9b7c64","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f5cf5c93278255de4a9e1797c94f0738aae0356d171def787fcc3680b48157db","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-03-29T12:19:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"0903a4fa06dfb069fe904d9ef2278ecbaca59983f54c697b362bc1149fcde847"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.15543","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ae0afe78e2610087c3753648342be536c23cc98c893e04adf862d38b5ea53c51","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae0afe78e2610087c3753648342be536c23cc98c893e04adf862d38b5ea53c51","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.228917Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.228917Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"X0j1QC4uhaGNwOrvE6XHKHXI5/mt3kFbEKWUA0gm/Ri1mKlvxOQYQca+amXqwdTB0JuPSwkSNZnjr8CxwvriDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:27:07.229384Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.15543","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:474524bc631e7d06bfeab008c66f7ed75b72379e791607bd380b55c92d9b7c64","sha256:f55f19aaf89e1850ee88eff077315c6db84b1cb6dc3031f1eae9ad5148d81bee"],"state_sha256":"d19721fbdbae53b9f08e4022cad9eeaa1ed165b27ee8bee5d76cbe53c000d9fb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c2iTudOOn4gH5X16cFCxz2ipkQIfGqDXO8ee2MZPq8sDkqsR4tV1iatou2KsgRMn5ZQ5BR7maFi6WvHQkGFvBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:02:30.494059Z","bundle_sha256":"aa887ed3372d6f738194a9ed50a548f35da21071f077e79889ec73819fc31844"}}