{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q","short_pith_number":"pith:VYG72YIP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b5bddf2bbc944f33223a0ca119e3d66d3479eaa4ce50944c50e86375126e4a55","abstract_canon_sha256":"e735489d07bc0a284704c39bf01ef6f9f9793872d479285bb72edb16ef22ce6f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae0dfd610fb9efca594a55745cde33ec2d6af0340595fb120ec910e25e89c3ef","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1008.2535","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.2535","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.2535v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.2535","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VYG72YIPXHX4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VYG72YIPXHX4UWKK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VYG72YIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b5bddf2bbc944f33223a0ca119e3d66d3479eaa4ce50944c50e86375126e4a55","abstract_canon_sha256":"e735489d07bc0a284704c39bf01ef6f9f9793872d479285bb72edb16ef22ce6f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae0dfd610fb9efca594a55745cde33ec2d6af0340595fb120ec910e25e89c3ef","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.186274Z","signature_b64":"fpdOi5KE1WsC1xm0GhRsdEzwls3PQ2Bt1L/83hfbaK/Iju6ALnnl+qImMCCdp4L0YEo1kdw0PSFOxJMSWzOdAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae0dfd610fb9efca594a55745cde33ec2d6af0340595fb120ec910e25e89c3ef","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.185494Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.185494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1008.2535","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q5JyrSUjVX1X7pJSNX3bF2BfKxKgOZ8yHN4fGjawHieNa9U1Rx/hQeIn8Mmwh1IHFSiYHS+KDQ7eBM1r0jcnDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:50:08.012582Z"},"content_sha256":"3995e2da380ffc472c2e91a3b4f37c229146c8df1762be9b97ca54c34a70470f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3995e2da380ffc472c2e91a3b4f37c229146c8df1762be9b97ca54c34a70470f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Oscillatory Flows Induced by Microorganisms Swimming in Two-dimensions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Jeffrey S. Guasto, J.P. Gollub, Karl A. Johnson","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the first time-resolved measurements of the oscillatory velocity field induced by swimming unicellular microorganisms. Confinement of the green alga C. reinhardtii in stabilized thin liquid films allows simultaneous tracking of cells and tracer particles. The measured velocity field reveals complex time-dependent flow structures, and scales inversely with distance. The instantaneous mechanical power generated by the cells is measured from the velocity fields and peaks at 15 fW. The dissipation per cycle is more than four times what steady swimming would require."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V9xN+03wucBpipQ6+fakIbhmdB4VYduy2JIrUbxw//93c09DMamDdGvwAxuNA9sZ0hhD8sja5hkoCQ1MjdslDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:50:08.012982Z"},"content_sha256":"4d3b8f3c6e3485acd44a9ce41a9628ba7dc3f55b00f98bc18992ee2debb08a30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d3b8f3c6e3485acd44a9ce41a9628ba7dc3f55b00f98bc18992ee2debb08a30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T02:50:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:VYG72YIPXHX4UWKKKV2FZXRT5Q","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e735489d07bc0a284704c39bf01ef6f9f9793872d479285bb72edb16ef22ce6f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5bddf2bbc944f33223a0ca119e3d66d3479eaa4ce50944c50e86375126e4a55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.2535","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.2535v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.2535","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VYG72YIPXHX4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VYG72YIPXHX4UWKK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VYG72YIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4d3b8f3c6e3485acd44a9ce41a9628ba7dc3f55b00f98bc18992ee2debb08a30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present the first time-resolved measurements of the oscillatory velocity field induced by swimming unicellular microorganisms. Confinement of the green alga C. reinhardtii in stabilized thin liquid films allows simultaneous tracking of cells and tracer particles. The measured velocity field reveals complex time-dependent flow structures, and scales inversely with distance. The instantaneous mechanical power generated by the cells is measured from the velocity fields and peaks at 15 fW. The dissipation per cycle is more than four times what steady swimming would require.","authors_text":"Jeffrey S. Guasto, J.P. Gollub, Karl A. Johnson","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","title":"Oscillatory Flows Induced by Microorganisms Swimming in Two-dimensions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3995e2da380ffc472c2e91a3b4f37c229146c8df1762be9b97ca54c34a70470f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e735489d07bc0a284704c39bf01ef6f9f9793872d479285bb72edb16ef22ce6f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-08-15T16:20:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5bddf2bbc944f33223a0ca119e3d66d3479eaa4ce50944c50e86375126e4a55"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.2535","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ae0dfd610fb9efca594a55745cde33ec2d6af0340595fb120ec910e25e89c3ef","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae0dfd610fb9efca594a55745cde33ec2d6af0340595fb120ec910e25e89c3ef","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.185494Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.185494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fpdOi5KE1WsC1xm0GhRsdEzwls3PQ2Bt1L/83hfbaK/Iju6ALnnl+qImMCCdp4L0YEo1kdw0PSFOxJMSWzOdAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:05:48.186274Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1008.2535","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3995e2da380ffc472c2e91a3b4f37c229146c8df1762be9b97ca54c34a70470f","sha256:4d3b8f3c6e3485acd44a9ce41a9628ba7dc3f55b00f98bc18992ee2debb08a30"],"state_sha256":"7a56b7c0f9e36a9dc3201d2b88a4a742dd6337f8f7a511d0b1a3d416b3f5bb69"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qKb3npAZE80GK/TcypoO72WBsDoQloOe/A4AEk04SZNo5nuS7Qa9eaIOBeSfPT5Xbqrqxyvhh5vjriq9iqs0BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:50:08.015762Z","bundle_sha256":"9dfae0d9018eb7abc0bd67a6878b3ac243bead4a5b5085f48bc7a4d90e81b6c5"}}