{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC","short_pith_number":"pith:VZHWLHUY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ae64eba0448c48db5fd3251ed3e1f4b551f46b6fbfec0d0f241f93de0a9bfa99","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2d503a93f196594fb6b3a3bdcba3b30070e031b6099e95c35577896351c04d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae4f659e981c5547e39e9640a2a09f98abf969805c16cd43679070e343490d7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.17319","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.17319","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.17319v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.17319","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VZHWLHUYDRKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VZHWLHUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ae64eba0448c48db5fd3251ed3e1f4b551f46b6fbfec0d0f241f93de0a9bfa99","abstract_canon_sha256":"f2d503a93f196594fb6b3a3bdcba3b30070e031b6099e95c35577896351c04d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae4f659e981c5547e39e9640a2a09f98abf969805c16cd43679070e343490d7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650692Z","signature_b64":"9vCGdvlRr34vjW5Y2pzFqH/1DCdp6UkjQdPdv+x2lwbvwHFuKGTn1NNp63dQJ1YFSyiGHffuTioGCSc8FUz4DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae4f659e981c5547e39e9640a2a09f98abf969805c16cd43679070e343490d7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650193Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.17319","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O0D8n/0H1Jv/sgteC3k6htTJlW5LIrGh0qAn66ikcrY2+fNAbq+yhfTQYgIjYazpQWtipLQMapGyXSUsW4QyBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T20:13:26.637518Z"},"content_sha256":"a3bdc55e288a0c6135d606a2453a425b06af88b39d0bbeee432ef4bf9a691b54","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a3bdc55e288a0c6135d606a2453a425b06af88b39d0bbeee432ef4bf9a691b54"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Building Privacy-Preserving and Secure Geospatial Artificial Intelligence Foundation Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Gengchen Mai, Jinmeng Rao, Krzysztof Janowicz, Song Gao","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent years we have seen substantial advances in foundation models for artificial intelligence, including language, vision, and multimodal models. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of using foundation models in geospatial artificial intelligence, known as GeoAI Foundation Models, for geographic question answering, remote sensing image understanding, map generation, and location-based services, among others. However, the development and application of GeoAI foundation models can pose serious privacy and security risks, which have not been fully discussed or addressed to date. Th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.17319/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7KwgRl5ql3xu7JUdKDuDq9LnZ2RPquonvYMsXYCnK/G6Df7ZQ7t2pGGPCbM+/MVmktjqfzGH7ozOTqViBZxNCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T20:13:26.638020Z"},"content_sha256":"9b13514ccf5358e64a433b70658c52c951e7e823b0493a2f7e66630a9c811240","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b13514ccf5358e64a433b70658c52c951e7e823b0493a2f7e66630a9c811240"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T20:13:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46SZAKFIE7TC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2d503a93f196594fb6b3a3bdcba3b30070e031b6099e95c35577896351c04d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae64eba0448c48db5fd3251ed3e1f4b551f46b6fbfec0d0f241f93de0a9bfa99"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.17319","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.17319v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.17319","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VZHWLHUYDRKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VZHWLHUYDRKUPY46","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VZHWLHUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9b13514ccf5358e64a433b70658c52c951e7e823b0493a2f7e66630a9c811240","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.17319/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent years we have seen substantial advances in foundation models for artificial intelligence, including language, vision, and multimodal models. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of using foundation models in geospatial artificial intelligence, known as GeoAI Foundation Models, for geographic question answering, remote sensing image understanding, map generation, and location-based services, among others. However, the development and application of GeoAI foundation models can pose serious privacy and security risks, which have not been fully discussed or addressed to date. Th","authors_text":"Gengchen Mai, Jinmeng Rao, Krzysztof Janowicz, Song Gao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","title":"Building Privacy-Preserving and Secure Geospatial Artificial Intelligence Foundation Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a3bdc55e288a0c6135d606a2453a425b06af88b39d0bbeee432ef4bf9a691b54","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f2d503a93f196594fb6b3a3bdcba3b30070e031b6099e95c35577896351c04d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T15:25:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae64eba0448c48db5fd3251ed3e1f4b551f46b6fbfec0d0f241f93de0a9bfa99"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.17319","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ae4f659e981c5547e39e9640a2a09f98abf969805c16cd43679070e343490d7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae4f659e981c5547e39e9640a2a09f98abf969805c16cd43679070e343490d7c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650193Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9vCGdvlRr34vjW5Y2pzFqH/1DCdp6UkjQdPdv+x2lwbvwHFuKGTn1NNp63dQJ1YFSyiGHffuTioGCSc8FUz4DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:09.650692Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.17319","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a3bdc55e288a0c6135d606a2453a425b06af88b39d0bbeee432ef4bf9a691b54","sha256:9b13514ccf5358e64a433b70658c52c951e7e823b0493a2f7e66630a9c811240"],"state_sha256":"d6817e1aa4383df927b7bd09b70083212511a97deeced79e4cacd655cb69064b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9eupDYADvCnmTWkntW6Ow/P1R1d3QQrarDGBH7a0xdqw77d5uRNieuzhcMbrsu+u+IUvvhWifMWmjGTY7Sq+CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T20:13:26.641703Z","bundle_sha256":"e0f4839baa00902d0eff64702ae0466809527e04a5775c58bcbef7b7b9fd27e4"}}