{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ","short_pith_number":"pith:VZKKVFFN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"439299f50cea0ab7e62628ffcab5ed9d9108dff620a1e3124152205314af4b30","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2e222306a674d9feb37fb956401955b6c620947811fd6db9c77b134c56985e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae54aa94ad5cb3813c7c83737a84500c3d01e264eafc03878beb5ee737e6af37","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.04104","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.04104","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.04104v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.04104","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VZKKVFFNLSZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VZKKVFFN","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"439299f50cea0ab7e62628ffcab5ed9d9108dff620a1e3124152205314af4b30","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2e222306a674d9feb37fb956401955b6c620947811fd6db9c77b134c56985e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ae54aa94ad5cb3813c7c83737a84500c3d01e264eafc03878beb5ee737e6af37","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241550Z","signature_b64":"sueroK9vQ0uW71UNVaJB1VwDX8GbtDq8s1mWbEFmXHA1Vl/lDZLCLCVSIKKipySOKWdQADZwcs3aRIsONekFCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae54aa94ad5cb3813c7c83737a84500c3d01e264eafc03878beb5ee737e6af37","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241188Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241188Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.04104","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DsBU0SSBKiCAOofMwdjEJ91LQ0gW70otBRyy1UIKlP2kexbg/eFj7ZJ0TRNV33uoxPT/tPi38V8XjixWP4/oCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:00:59.923164Z"},"content_sha256":"f284fa7018a969d03b9776f9685d531fbf0db15cc7d424f889bdcf8679683f64","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f284fa7018a969d03b9776f9685d531fbf0db15cc7d424f889bdcf8679683f64"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Software Engineering in Civic Tech: A Case Study about Code for Ireland","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Antti Knutas, Giovanni Maccani, Markus Helfert, Victoria Palacin","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Civic grassroots have proven their ability to create useful and scalable software that addresses pressing social needs. Although software engineering plays a fundamental role in the process of creating civic technology, academic literature that analyses the software development processes of civic tech grassroots is scarce. This paper aims to advance the understanding of how civic grassroots tackle the different activities in their software development processes. In this study, we followed the formation of two projects in a civic tech group (Code for Ireland) seeking to understand how their dev"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1904.04104/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w2V0oSO0p9inAwYXQxybN4sic13LvH13f6YAdnadQSRplVxmAris2Z3dWKRyxvBobQQFPJ7GeL82prtWc4knAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:00:59.923676Z"},"content_sha256":"b85cd6e2951af18e62640d392d7ebb4f89d652617e71edd015efc1e9a57ab740","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b85cd6e2951af18e62640d392d7ebb4f89d652617e71edd015efc1e9a57ab740"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T04:00:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4QNZXVBCQBQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2e222306a674d9feb37fb956401955b6c620947811fd6db9c77b134c56985e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"439299f50cea0ab7e62628ffcab5ed9d9108dff620a1e3124152205314af4b30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.04104","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.04104v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.04104","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VZKKVFFNLSZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VZKKVFFNLSZYCPD4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VZKKVFFN","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b85cd6e2951af18e62640d392d7ebb4f89d652617e71edd015efc1e9a57ab740","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1904.04104/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Civic grassroots have proven their ability to create useful and scalable software that addresses pressing social needs. Although software engineering plays a fundamental role in the process of creating civic technology, academic literature that analyses the software development processes of civic tech grassroots is scarce. This paper aims to advance the understanding of how civic grassroots tackle the different activities in their software development processes. In this study, we followed the formation of two projects in a civic tech group (Code for Ireland) seeking to understand how their dev","authors_text":"Antti Knutas, Giovanni Maccani, Markus Helfert, Victoria Palacin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","title":"Software Engineering in Civic Tech: A Case Study about Code for Ireland"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f284fa7018a969d03b9776f9685d531fbf0db15cc7d424f889bdcf8679683f64","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa2e222306a674d9feb37fb956401955b6c620947811fd6db9c77b134c56985e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2019-04-08T14:53:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"439299f50cea0ab7e62628ffcab5ed9d9108dff620a1e3124152205314af4b30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.04104","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ae54aa94ad5cb3813c7c83737a84500c3d01e264eafc03878beb5ee737e6af37","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ae54aa94ad5cb3813c7c83737a84500c3d01e264eafc03878beb5ee737e6af37","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241188Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241188Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sueroK9vQ0uW71UNVaJB1VwDX8GbtDq8s1mWbEFmXHA1Vl/lDZLCLCVSIKKipySOKWdQADZwcs3aRIsONekFCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:50:04.241550Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.04104","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f284fa7018a969d03b9776f9685d531fbf0db15cc7d424f889bdcf8679683f64","sha256:b85cd6e2951af18e62640d392d7ebb4f89d652617e71edd015efc1e9a57ab740"],"state_sha256":"8a5fad7023bd198761d092445551af838281c73a6b298cf27acb88adb70b5380"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pVADuevc8kMfb2QslNwFWEIoplmGaQARAyEMxNSdnJFCA03WAlg/Wt3uarZSAwGVDK2Vedo07sid61p0WlehCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:00:59.929060Z","bundle_sha256":"748d8c6ebb42aa81d8189e4676d82b6709e612d010ef824c00e005f5e1f3c97c"}}