{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN","short_pith_number":"pith:VZR23ARW","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"ae63ad82366235d15f7a99de7d6a54ab40a49cc19701b6a2b74d576dbe13beab","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.06891","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Haoge Chang","submitted_at":"2023-11-12T16:30:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers the estimation of treatment effects in randomized experiments with complex experimental designs, including cases with interference between units. We develop a design-based estimation theory for arbitrary experimental designs. Our theory facilitates the analysis of many design-estimator pairs that researchers commonly employ in practice and provide procedures to consistently estimate asymptotic variance bounds. We propose new classes of estimators with favorable asymptotic properties from a design-based point of view. In addition, we propose a scalar measure of experimental"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.06891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2023-11-12T16:30:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"26e82f4f2233ca5e9ca5f3eb79fc57257c79e5987ce6b3b0f42ab9bd7ff891fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"6be93027def21061a50427ae9007a1409b080b77767f459d2b38d4651aca5c37"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621792Z","signature_b64":"8JV33cX9WKpAO7Ja3W4yvwhjlKY9fepS3OAYpZRNbZnEocPSl3XdIz3OGEb/eHbV2HYpF1/jxVsxCQ76wK1IBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ae63ad82366235d15f7a99de7d6a54ab40a49cc19701b6a2b74d576dbe13beab","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621285Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621285Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Design-based Estimation Theory for Complex Experiments","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Haoge Chang","submitted_at":"2023-11-12T16:30:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers the estimation of treatment effects in randomized experiments with complex experimental designs, including cases with interference between units. We develop a design-based estimation theory for arbitrary experimental designs. Our theory facilitates the analysis of many design-estimator pairs that researchers commonly employ in practice and provide procedures to consistently estimate asymptotic variance bounds. We propose new classes of estimators with favorable asymptotic properties from a design-based point of view. In addition, we propose a scalar measure of experimental"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.06891","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.06891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.06891","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.06891v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.06891","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"VZR23ARWMI25","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"VZR23ARWMI25CX32","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"VZR23ARW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VZR23ARW"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/VZR23ARW","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2311.06891&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/VZR23ARWMI25CX32THPH22SUVN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:37.621353+00:00"}