{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U","short_pith_number":"pith:W2G6HTHY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a96bcb314ef7065ec73408533b39a644f593c5e1dc14f216c53b091087b29aac","abstract_canon_sha256":"362653ee40ed0dd72e5e76b4d160d766b004368e63b9c11caeeb8638102a6496"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b68de3ccf8db1b97934bc4c6d6c0c0f53ad5025f5c27d6f589c65b78a2f9cdf4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0805.4645","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0805.4645","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0805.4645v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0805.4645","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY3MNZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a96bcb314ef7065ec73408533b39a644f593c5e1dc14f216c53b091087b29aac","abstract_canon_sha256":"362653ee40ed0dd72e5e76b4d160d766b004368e63b9c11caeeb8638102a6496"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b68de3ccf8db1b97934bc4c6d6c0c0f53ad5025f5c27d6f589c65b78a2f9cdf4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.519181Z","signature_b64":"eIZeRv5R3j602KwwMJ+raZu5ygiklgbYWMksJcMjFJOz7Nq4iyjOogqGagprVf+cjenAwQ3Xe1OpMNQp5o94DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b68de3ccf8db1b97934bc4c6d6c0c0f53ad5025f5c27d6f589c65b78a2f9cdf4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.518810Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.518810Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0805.4645","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0+7T0nkw6SVlhEc47zEhq8OMqeDWFZDFRmcLFUG9uw3sIFWy38eIZq0Kcrm2ut43sYmiixWFOyg/vVFkWPpLAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:46:07.915801Z"},"content_sha256":"4e8d71b3a959ae0245216d7bafe5342ccadf5f1b9f1c803cf4f453aa0af6595b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4e8d71b3a959ae0245216d7bafe5342ccadf5f1b9f1c803cf4f453aa0af6595b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Outflow Driven Turbulence in Molecular Clouds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Adam Frank, Alice C. Quillen, Andrew J. Cunningham, Eric G. Blackman, Jonathan J. Carroll","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we explore the relationship between protostellar outflows and turbulence in molecular clouds. Using 3-D numerical simulations we focus on the hydrodynamics of multiple outflows interacting within a parsec scale volume. We explore the extent to which transient outflows injecting directed energy and momentum into a sub-volume of a molecular cloud can be converted into random turbulent motions. We show that turbulence can readily be sustained by these interactions and show that it is possible to broadly characterize an effective driving scale of the outflows. We compare the velocity"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q7zqZSMuUZORvvYGiP4bzI4pv5b/M2uAA9/iJAvWibQfBhyHgjJfBlPfGJIrLXTUg1qN/FGvA2f/2CsWzz2tDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:46:07.916521Z"},"content_sha256":"5714d56c701d4fb258814edf7e4ef20acac49605017b165a66f2545ed132475e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5714d56c701d4fb258814edf7e4ef20acac49605017b165a66f2545ed132475e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T07:46:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2LYTDNNQGA6U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"362653ee40ed0dd72e5e76b4d160d766b004368e63b9c11caeeb8638102a6496","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a96bcb314ef7065ec73408533b39a644f593c5e1dc14f216c53b091087b29aac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0805.4645","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0805.4645v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0805.4645","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY3MNZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY3MNZPE2L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W2G6HTHY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5714d56c701d4fb258814edf7e4ef20acac49605017b165a66f2545ed132475e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we explore the relationship between protostellar outflows and turbulence in molecular clouds. Using 3-D numerical simulations we focus on the hydrodynamics of multiple outflows interacting within a parsec scale volume. We explore the extent to which transient outflows injecting directed energy and momentum into a sub-volume of a molecular cloud can be converted into random turbulent motions. We show that turbulence can readily be sustained by these interactions and show that it is possible to broadly characterize an effective driving scale of the outflows. We compare the velocity","authors_text":"Adam Frank, Alice C. Quillen, Andrew J. Cunningham, Eric G. Blackman, Jonathan J. Carroll","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","title":"Outflow Driven Turbulence in Molecular Clouds"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4e8d71b3a959ae0245216d7bafe5342ccadf5f1b9f1c803cf4f453aa0af6595b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"362653ee40ed0dd72e5e76b4d160d766b004368e63b9c11caeeb8638102a6496","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-30T00:40:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a96bcb314ef7065ec73408533b39a644f593c5e1dc14f216c53b091087b29aac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0805.4645","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b68de3ccf8db1b97934bc4c6d6c0c0f53ad5025f5c27d6f589c65b78a2f9cdf4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b68de3ccf8db1b97934bc4c6d6c0c0f53ad5025f5c27d6f589c65b78a2f9cdf4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.518810Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.518810Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eIZeRv5R3j602KwwMJ+raZu5ygiklgbYWMksJcMjFJOz7Nq4iyjOogqGagprVf+cjenAwQ3Xe1OpMNQp5o94DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:29:33.519181Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0805.4645","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4e8d71b3a959ae0245216d7bafe5342ccadf5f1b9f1c803cf4f453aa0af6595b","sha256:5714d56c701d4fb258814edf7e4ef20acac49605017b165a66f2545ed132475e"],"state_sha256":"905d43a965415656047a662714d664896ea48327f3eefdfbfc99bbc2144fe245"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QQEeERoTEtyK6l8CqqjHsDs+Z9kGqtMuoAyYOgIjRL9r3RW0pi/fi0PuafLga4La+IJYDo4Zq0Uy8nxl9B5iCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T07:46:07.920451Z","bundle_sha256":"855795379d8126e714190ee735e7ffceb2686ecc76399b6374c27e5139a0296a"}}