{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD","short_pith_number":"pith:W32GDFRN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"450478be3f9ef6c5f85e702e9338a7ca2739f9785a69e166ca53971bba14ddb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"793fee95ce56a1504f174ef2690611fd2be15a4bf3147bbc5d6f1479f821bf18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6f461962daee964db4c68022481ca88f7c48368f612527e4830bf0bfa533242","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.00635","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.00635","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.00635v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.00635","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W32GDFRNV3UW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W32GDFRNV3UWJW2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W32GDFRN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"450478be3f9ef6c5f85e702e9338a7ca2739f9785a69e166ca53971bba14ddb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"793fee95ce56a1504f174ef2690611fd2be15a4bf3147bbc5d6f1479f821bf18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6f461962daee964db4c68022481ca88f7c48368f612527e4830bf0bfa533242","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.488124Z","signature_b64":"87/Jr/dOJFzL62dLf8pcJuZyYa0BMT/SKbAX6/NzOZs+AcyBWRQTxudc6nWYTDXhBrRsbP40APXIpLrthEQhCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b6f461962daee964db4c68022481ca88f7c48368f612527e4830bf0bfa533242","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.487531Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.487531Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.00635","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ObQ5mZkiekcmC9M0IYcMEnhaoCiDoi9/EpfcJ0Yxp3CMT46JAI19t2B73NES5V2YAh4wbQR8EWXSpegxz7gMBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T19:28:02.327878Z"},"content_sha256":"3ecbc513e1c9f74060c284dfb9584e25b4dfd5ac2ccef1a855fc75fe8c1bfc11","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3ecbc513e1c9f74060c284dfb9584e25b4dfd5ac2ccef1a855fc75fe8c1bfc11"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal Placement of Dynamic Var Sources by Using Empirical Controllability Covariance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Junjian Qi, Kai Sun, Weihong Huang, Wei Kang","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, the empirical controllability covariance (ECC), which is calculated around the considered operating condition of a power system, is applied to quantify the degree of controllability of system voltages under specific dynamic var source locations. An optimal dynamic var source placement method addressing fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) issues is further formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes the determinant of ECC. The optimization problem is effectively solved by the NOMAD solver, which implements the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search algorithm. The propose"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bPrTWF2PjMM2U1m9/0xqiForQvyZJ7FfW7Yz66PT0HHczpmaAzDf6bTKresdRqCutH9SD5uIPnZv+UUNkrxXDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T19:28:02.328582Z"},"content_sha256":"46b8453509695a126e1b2b28ac375f8931b186c841d3caa7ea4e8bc7139b9729","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:46b8453509695a126e1b2b28ac375f8931b186c841d3caa7ea4e8bc7139b9729"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T19:28:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:W32GDFRNV3UWJW2MNABCJAOKRD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"793fee95ce56a1504f174ef2690611fd2be15a4bf3147bbc5d6f1479f821bf18","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"450478be3f9ef6c5f85e702e9338a7ca2739f9785a69e166ca53971bba14ddb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.00635","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.00635v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.00635","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W32GDFRNV3UW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W32GDFRNV3UWJW2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W32GDFRN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:46b8453509695a126e1b2b28ac375f8931b186c841d3caa7ea4e8bc7139b9729","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, the empirical controllability covariance (ECC), which is calculated around the considered operating condition of a power system, is applied to quantify the degree of controllability of system voltages under specific dynamic var source locations. An optimal dynamic var source placement method addressing fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) issues is further formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes the determinant of ECC. The optimization problem is effectively solved by the NOMAD solver, which implements the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search algorithm. The propose","authors_text":"Junjian Qi, Kai Sun, Weihong Huang, Wei Kang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","title":"Optimal Placement of Dynamic Var Sources by Using Empirical Controllability Covariance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3ecbc513e1c9f74060c284dfb9584e25b4dfd5ac2ccef1a855fc75fe8c1bfc11","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"793fee95ce56a1504f174ef2690611fd2be15a4bf3147bbc5d6f1479f821bf18","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-08-01T22:44:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"450478be3f9ef6c5f85e702e9338a7ca2739f9785a69e166ca53971bba14ddb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.00635","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b6f461962daee964db4c68022481ca88f7c48368f612527e4830bf0bfa533242","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b6f461962daee964db4c68022481ca88f7c48368f612527e4830bf0bfa533242","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.487531Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.487531Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"87/Jr/dOJFzL62dLf8pcJuZyYa0BMT/SKbAX6/NzOZs+AcyBWRQTxudc6nWYTDXhBrRsbP40APXIpLrthEQhCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:01.488124Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.00635","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3ecbc513e1c9f74060c284dfb9584e25b4dfd5ac2ccef1a855fc75fe8c1bfc11","sha256:46b8453509695a126e1b2b28ac375f8931b186c841d3caa7ea4e8bc7139b9729"],"state_sha256":"61eefd86f5696f0e782260feac93bd44cf83d4cfc8f6cbdbee8e222132b56799"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u9K4pS467HlGK6fV1wi5Aa8Nu0AHsg6pqkphHOtu+hpUuSCN8I/YtUawUj6Mxh+J/2iuaki0MdGwXA+Jz44iDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T19:28:02.332400Z","bundle_sha256":"0f7fccb33c3226cb6abc7ac422fc6d5595a1d3a7d4c52c5a3c110a701775a234"}}