{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY","short_pith_number":"pith:W3EYYLF3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"b4a1bc0d8d5e6e073908d7c485c71096faa76d03e91a88e2751c0e39f3c28080","abstract_canon_sha256":"bc00ecf250c22157b67f0008b21e40fbfc220bcdbc3b709a95e660bb0818b348"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6c98c2cbb2dadc2842eb3493d611b761787a1e980f0bdeb5940bb737fc650a2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.1852","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.1852","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.1852v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.1852","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3FWW4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"b4a1bc0d8d5e6e073908d7c485c71096faa76d03e91a88e2751c0e39f3c28080","abstract_canon_sha256":"bc00ecf250c22157b67f0008b21e40fbfc220bcdbc3b709a95e660bb0818b348"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6c98c2cbb2dadc2842eb3493d611b761787a1e980f0bdeb5940bb737fc650a2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.057658Z","signature_b64":"37Ci3VlfzBaTHFc047rGD+/MLsaaj7OeaO9fmAWz2WkOVkSnTtZxo3xrZS9Ly02MX8x1eUimy0rUmz+cYCOuAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b6c98c2cbb2dadc2842eb3493d611b761787a1e980f0bdeb5940bb737fc650a2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.056893Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.056893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.1852","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TBJxebEI9DEJZmBqUmU845iVA4jG05Lu85YK7FNvvrHcUxVEGWEP0BSl3Zqh2tUY5hypOAVx/C1WpcPc5fXFBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T00:06:32.943420Z"},"content_sha256":"6b3f81bab9507d49d849ea292227dc90c6bc6c9c318dd6f3ca58d79e31a8d119","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b3f81bab9507d49d849ea292227dc90c6bc6c9c318dd6f3ca58d79e31a8d119"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Discrete Newtonian Cosmology","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Gary W Gibbons, George F R Ellis","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we lay down the foundations for a purely Newtonian theory of cosmology, valid at scales small compared with the Hubble radius, using only Newtonian point particles acted on by gravity and a possible cosmological term. We describe the cosmological background which is given by an exact solution of the equations of motion in which the particles expand homothetically with their comoving positions constituting a central configuration. We point out, using previous work, that an important class of central configurations are homogeneous and isotropic, thus justifying the usual assumption"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3guC/35Myiz1mkr3taXCptBvTmy/CMs81vO6RKe9gTE4s9o7jJreTU6M6gEyEFiAXplSzo79TGnztENuldesDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T00:06:32.944242Z"},"content_sha256":"3bb45698428249f5f30439228c898aea83a54b4de057439631172f5dc7b3671b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3bb45698428249f5f30439228c898aea83a54b4de057439631172f5dc7b3671b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T00:06:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBOWNET2YI3OY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bc00ecf250c22157b67f0008b21e40fbfc220bcdbc3b709a95e660bb0818b348","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4a1bc0d8d5e6e073908d7c485c71096faa76d03e91a88e2751c0e39f3c28080"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.1852","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.1852v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.1852","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3FWW4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3FWW4FBBO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W3EYYLF3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3bb45698428249f5f30439228c898aea83a54b4de057439631172f5dc7b3671b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we lay down the foundations for a purely Newtonian theory of cosmology, valid at scales small compared with the Hubble radius, using only Newtonian point particles acted on by gravity and a possible cosmological term. We describe the cosmological background which is given by an exact solution of the equations of motion in which the particles expand homothetically with their comoving positions constituting a central configuration. We point out, using previous work, that an important class of central configurations are homogeneous and isotropic, thus justifying the usual assumption","authors_text":"Gary W Gibbons, George F R Ellis","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","title":"Discrete Newtonian Cosmology"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6b3f81bab9507d49d849ea292227dc90c6bc6c9c318dd6f3ca58d79e31a8d119","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bc00ecf250c22157b67f0008b21e40fbfc220bcdbc3b709a95e660bb0818b348","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-08-08T13:52:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4a1bc0d8d5e6e073908d7c485c71096faa76d03e91a88e2751c0e39f3c28080"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.1852","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b6c98c2cbb2dadc2842eb3493d611b761787a1e980f0bdeb5940bb737fc650a2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b6c98c2cbb2dadc2842eb3493d611b761787a1e980f0bdeb5940bb737fc650a2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.056893Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.056893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"37Ci3VlfzBaTHFc047rGD+/MLsaaj7OeaO9fmAWz2WkOVkSnTtZxo3xrZS9Ly02MX8x1eUimy0rUmz+cYCOuAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:47:16.057658Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.1852","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6b3f81bab9507d49d849ea292227dc90c6bc6c9c318dd6f3ca58d79e31a8d119","sha256:3bb45698428249f5f30439228c898aea83a54b4de057439631172f5dc7b3671b"],"state_sha256":"ce44ca230cd5d89c30e131ea3f3a5e54d93d1beb0b17011d5ce5aa4693ce8194"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WA+FFBcUmsbzze8EsLgClmBxc/Zye64YR/pQuUuV4q+Zqm+lpVIR/jCUPtf9ezcTNs7D+a65SRVr5+SSYU+lAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T00:06:32.948794Z","bundle_sha256":"09130bc11ac55203d3be9a82f91d026fdf57cce3bb2bb3a1134f3a78564bf934"}}