{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS","short_pith_number":"pith:W3JP3OWP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"title_canon_sha256":"8b72677d26f780267b6a8847e7433aec96cd950843fc0254521064a9d1fb0110","abstract_canon_sha256":"6cc3242c2a63151df183eea26eabf21fc54236677b34b2d36a82453dfb5b1c06"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6d2fdbacfa89549efa30a4e75c54bac9555bb737e709e4a924c8d4e2dfe2913","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1202.0142","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.0142","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.0142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.0142","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W3JP3OWPVCKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W3JP3OWPVCKUT35D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W3JP3OWP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"title_canon_sha256":"8b72677d26f780267b6a8847e7433aec96cd950843fc0254521064a9d1fb0110","abstract_canon_sha256":"6cc3242c2a63151df183eea26eabf21fc54236677b34b2d36a82453dfb5b1c06"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b6d2fdbacfa89549efa30a4e75c54bac9555bb737e709e4a924c8d4e2dfe2913","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.457121Z","signature_b64":"otjMnFOBbdvu31HIbwqAi071PydILePyXczuAK8nsr7j/2XY6YHZwklcbIKDtR+2lprZTrCbMfD9ks8IKXuUAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b6d2fdbacfa89549efa30a4e75c54bac9555bb737e709e4a924c8d4e2dfe2913","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.456706Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.456706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1202.0142","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3NhVj+nPbr78S31G18L6+i0He9A4sB9c9IW+uZSFQ9YtEda70vKlzJ6nigIsIbsbS5HDprUyTC62LM2CNbFlBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T10:50:16.467335Z"},"content_sha256":"b42cd40edf060517fc2229ebfec8802faf4b074153928d0badd8efacd2408823","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b42cd40edf060517fc2229ebfec8802faf4b074153928d0badd8efacd2408823"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Heavy-tails in economic data: fundamental assumptions, modelling and analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","authors_text":"Jo\\~ao P. da Cruz, Pedro G. Lind","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"The study of heavy-tailed distributions in economic and financial systems has been widely addressed since financial time series has become a research subject.After the eighties, several \"highly improbable\" market drops were observed (e.g. the 1987 stock market drop known as \"Black Monday\" and on even more recent ones, already in the 21st century) that produce heavy losses that were unexplainable in a GN environment. The losses incurred in these large market drop events did not change significantly the market practices or the way regulation is done but drove some attention back to the study of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gfQe9hEUILsNWnCz0eu1RqjqHJK1TYWcSKne+tLOUEzLg9+L1Bqez+t8LM2h8K2VAz5nJeDiPOubFq72hw5nDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T10:50:16.467682Z"},"content_sha256":"8aeb489e7c128eadaad9ef1c0765dea42dfc81dbee0d91f69bed196169e444df","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8aeb489e7c128eadaad9ef1c0765dea42dfc81dbee0d91f69bed196169e444df"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T10:50:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:W3JP3OWPVCKUT35DBJHHLRKLVS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6cc3242c2a63151df183eea26eabf21fc54236677b34b2d36a82453dfb5b1c06","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8b72677d26f780267b6a8847e7433aec96cd950843fc0254521064a9d1fb0110"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.0142","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.0142v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.0142","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W3JP3OWPVCKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W3JP3OWPVCKUT35D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W3JP3OWP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8aeb489e7c128eadaad9ef1c0765dea42dfc81dbee0d91f69bed196169e444df","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The study of heavy-tailed distributions in economic and financial systems has been widely addressed since financial time series has become a research subject.After the eighties, several \"highly improbable\" market drops were observed (e.g. the 1987 stock market drop known as \"Black Monday\" and on even more recent ones, already in the 21st century) that produce heavy losses that were unexplainable in a GN environment. The losses incurred in these large market drop events did not change significantly the market practices or the way regulation is done but drove some attention back to the study of ","authors_text":"Jo\\~ao P. da Cruz, Pedro G. Lind","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","title":"Heavy-tails in economic data: fundamental assumptions, modelling and analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b42cd40edf060517fc2229ebfec8802faf4b074153928d0badd8efacd2408823","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6cc3242c2a63151df183eea26eabf21fc54236677b34b2d36a82453dfb5b1c06","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.CP","submitted_at":"2012-02-01T10:58:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"8b72677d26f780267b6a8847e7433aec96cd950843fc0254521064a9d1fb0110"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.0142","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b6d2fdbacfa89549efa30a4e75c54bac9555bb737e709e4a924c8d4e2dfe2913","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b6d2fdbacfa89549efa30a4e75c54bac9555bb737e709e4a924c8d4e2dfe2913","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.456706Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.456706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"otjMnFOBbdvu31HIbwqAi071PydILePyXczuAK8nsr7j/2XY6YHZwklcbIKDtR+2lprZTrCbMfD9ks8IKXuUAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:20.457121Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1202.0142","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b42cd40edf060517fc2229ebfec8802faf4b074153928d0badd8efacd2408823","sha256:8aeb489e7c128eadaad9ef1c0765dea42dfc81dbee0d91f69bed196169e444df"],"state_sha256":"263b6835a6e6a7774b95bb99b4ba3aa2ba61999d8c07c0eda60486c6fca1f97f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JfXjFNGibNBauxJL/ZsIOGgFd/wtFXpVoXQyEWYZB3ZaJJjAYsX+NOnDBw7KmsQvIUvq9LUrUHca1MNbVFbqBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T10:50:16.469581Z","bundle_sha256":"fb8c93dd1aa0f700835c39289eb414c267c9f621d6674afd13e297331410b4cd"}}