{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV","short_pith_number":"pith:W4V7RKFJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"709e7ae5e137758c7c22de598658b179b5d9d9d1814c00763c5f8dd936d3aefb","abstract_canon_sha256":"da61790d7c5d45fa9fd5f0abbb84b9678333e3749cb9baf9ce24dc4b89deb399"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b72bf8a8a9b271da5deecab6ce714fbd659d0b13a2cb14b0ab1e07a8d8d7ae59","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.15307","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.15307","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.15307v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.15307","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJWJY5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"title_canon_sha256":"709e7ae5e137758c7c22de598658b179b5d9d9d1814c00763c5f8dd936d3aefb","abstract_canon_sha256":"da61790d7c5d45fa9fd5f0abbb84b9678333e3749cb9baf9ce24dc4b89deb399"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b72bf8a8a9b271da5deecab6ce714fbd659d0b13a2cb14b0ab1e07a8d8d7ae59","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529799Z","signature_b64":"gzUthBhb4U/owAcltRWASZU+ypEZPB7YwiELyBqMcN56tNDfXS51EB3j9cpCAj5a8kfHY1LusHuEckHKhH0dBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b72bf8a8a9b271da5deecab6ce714fbd659d0b13a2cb14b0ab1e07a8d8d7ae59","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529301Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529301Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.15307","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z5Uhy9HTxgkfs3clx1sX6J5MHnFxED+CSoud8W5i2E6jd5QNdRnVSnp26kFcVR53vbjPneFiIIHwXgrCc67uDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:32:53.430999Z"},"content_sha256":"592c21d439ec4eec0e45a2acb0d1274867421fd1ef698d2708d0642c32b68dfd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:592c21d439ec4eec0e45a2acb0d1274867421fd1ef698d2708d0642c32b68dfd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Pre-training an Effective Respiratory Audio Foundation Model","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"primary_cat":"eess.AS","authors_text":"Binh Thien Nguyen, Daiki Takeuchi, Daisuke Niizumi, Masahiro Yasuda, Noboru Harada, Yasunori Ohishi","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent advancements in foundation models have sparked interest in respiratory audio foundation models. However, the effectiveness of applying conventional pre-training schemes to datasets that are small-sized and lack diversity has not been sufficiently verified. This study aims to explore better pre-training practices for respiratory sounds by comparing numerous pre-trained audio models. Our investigation reveals that models pre-trained on AudioSet, a general audio dataset, are more effective than the models specifically pre-trained on respiratory sounds. Moreover, combining AudioSet and resp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.15307/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VLAXryJcFxd0oVNU2+Apo4SsIb9+y9FmhTBTwmAHQam1N1zpq0xoqnK/7rozhvbr5MgQJqIOwh5JI5RGF65XBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:32:53.431528Z"},"content_sha256":"95e6a39b094016789eb19389797347f8615b43d078921434b714a177ec113c22","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:95e6a39b094016789eb19389797347f8615b43d078921434b714a177ec113c22"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T23:32:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPOZK3M44KPXV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da61790d7c5d45fa9fd5f0abbb84b9678333e3749cb9baf9ce24dc4b89deb399","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"709e7ae5e137758c7c22de598658b179b5d9d9d1814c00763c5f8dd936d3aefb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.15307","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.15307v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.15307","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJWJY5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJWJY5UXPO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W4V7RKFJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:95e6a39b094016789eb19389797347f8615b43d078921434b714a177ec113c22","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.15307/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent advancements in foundation models have sparked interest in respiratory audio foundation models. However, the effectiveness of applying conventional pre-training schemes to datasets that are small-sized and lack diversity has not been sufficiently verified. This study aims to explore better pre-training practices for respiratory sounds by comparing numerous pre-trained audio models. Our investigation reveals that models pre-trained on AudioSet, a general audio dataset, are more effective than the models specifically pre-trained on respiratory sounds. Moreover, combining AudioSet and resp","authors_text":"Binh Thien Nguyen, Daiki Takeuchi, Daisuke Niizumi, Masahiro Yasuda, Noboru Harada, Yasunori Ohishi","cross_cats":["cs.SD"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","title":"Towards Pre-training an Effective Respiratory Audio Foundation Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:592c21d439ec4eec0e45a2acb0d1274867421fd1ef698d2708d0642c32b68dfd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"da61790d7c5d45fa9fd5f0abbb84b9678333e3749cb9baf9ce24dc4b89deb399","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SD"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T09:36:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"709e7ae5e137758c7c22de598658b179b5d9d9d1814c00763c5f8dd936d3aefb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.15307","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b72bf8a8a9b271da5deecab6ce714fbd659d0b13a2cb14b0ab1e07a8d8d7ae59","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b72bf8a8a9b271da5deecab6ce714fbd659d0b13a2cb14b0ab1e07a8d8d7ae59","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529301Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529301Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gzUthBhb4U/owAcltRWASZU+ypEZPB7YwiELyBqMcN56tNDfXS51EB3j9cpCAj5a8kfHY1LusHuEckHKhH0dBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:06:43.529799Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.15307","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:592c21d439ec4eec0e45a2acb0d1274867421fd1ef698d2708d0642c32b68dfd","sha256:95e6a39b094016789eb19389797347f8615b43d078921434b714a177ec113c22"],"state_sha256":"b2ac2567dd0bd3727976fc942cdb1ea7c34a7cbb4f9db70454378104019466d5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"885zGFWZ2SAEGIFLqyOYLKVP+OC8jiVX+tv8Z18PmSXC9GA6KeK67kGKToZW0L1bf+6IvElKzLMWuQhLYT3JCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:32:53.438471Z","bundle_sha256":"da00fbe8dbd1695b53663cf054521a410804f08af9e1f1b94727c2c2f0eb2bc1"}}