{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4","short_pith_number":"pith:W4VENPJR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"62ad17320dcfb2a996ddfea7bd6ee31bbe93912346fb4da1733b43733c5f0f9b","abstract_canon_sha256":"ad7aa37686b4cf39e4002e9a2216334f7d8a400808fb4b26bef0d7627760a57b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b72a46bd31186260ebc20ce7a9cb6b5f3ed318e365a36e1de7f19b3c4d0f915c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.17071","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.17071","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.17071v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.17071","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W4VENPJRDBRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W4VENPJRDBRGB26C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W4VENPJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"title_canon_sha256":"62ad17320dcfb2a996ddfea7bd6ee31bbe93912346fb4da1733b43733c5f0f9b","abstract_canon_sha256":"ad7aa37686b4cf39e4002e9a2216334f7d8a400808fb4b26bef0d7627760a57b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b72a46bd31186260ebc20ce7a9cb6b5f3ed318e365a36e1de7f19b3c4d0f915c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643490Z","signature_b64":"7AY9SaSYC09K0gcyZ400Kc3PJux0tSbJBrzuv/euLf99r+ayK7a5pmC8Rk8U+mWAe5hlefwfiurjEkSQF9WZDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b72a46bd31186260ebc20ce7a9cb6b5f3ed318e365a36e1de7f19b3c4d0f915c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643021Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.17071","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zDKO9kcwoS3zJKbAQ9v+ip9omglG3xwXr7+5okeJ9hgCfWMFbMNFRjGsIfHMylWgJsvq4Tk335QBIxOlsnFSBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T05:46:59.815333Z"},"content_sha256":"dfa51928409cf3bf40d127fd7b99266bff1f53ba38304b7e91efbff623d83b5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dfa51928409cf3bf40d127fd7b99266bff1f53ba38304b7e91efbff623d83b5d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Computing Rule-Based Explanations by Leveraging Counterfactuals","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dan Suciu, Maximilian Schleich, Zixuan Geng","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Sophisticated machine models are increasingly used for high-stakes decisions in everyday life. There is an urgent need to develop effective explanation techniques for such automated decisions. Rule-Based Explanations have been proposed for high-stake decisions like loan applications, because they increase the users' trust in the decision. However, rule-based explanations are very inefficient to compute, and existing systems sacrifice their quality in order to achieve reasonable performance. We propose a novel approach to compute rule-based explanations, by using a different type of explanation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.17071/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x4cVzUFk4OE2r5ILtEx7jP0AcBBvas4GoPDNK3u/cyjZDB3O3iln6y7i2eBJqAHMsmzaY1VooIfpf/nuzJ4HBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T05:46:59.816246Z"},"content_sha256":"6f1067bced089b4461e752279e4eed8800894f29f796054c05bab4de49e57b9d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6f1067bced089b4461e752279e4eed8800894f29f796054c05bab4de49e57b9d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T05:46:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:W4VENPJRDBRGB26CBTT2TS3LL4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ad7aa37686b4cf39e4002e9a2216334f7d8a400808fb4b26bef0d7627760a57b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"62ad17320dcfb2a996ddfea7bd6ee31bbe93912346fb4da1733b43733c5f0f9b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.17071","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.17071v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.17071","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W4VENPJRDBRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W4VENPJRDBRGB26C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W4VENPJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6f1067bced089b4461e752279e4eed8800894f29f796054c05bab4de49e57b9d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.17071/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Sophisticated machine models are increasingly used for high-stakes decisions in everyday life. There is an urgent need to develop effective explanation techniques for such automated decisions. Rule-Based Explanations have been proposed for high-stake decisions like loan applications, because they increase the users' trust in the decision. However, rule-based explanations are very inefficient to compute, and existing systems sacrifice their quality in order to achieve reasonable performance. We propose a novel approach to compute rule-based explanations, by using a different type of explanation","authors_text":"Dan Suciu, Maximilian Schleich, Zixuan Geng","cross_cats":["cs.DB"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","title":"Computing Rule-Based Explanations by Leveraging Counterfactuals"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dfa51928409cf3bf40d127fd7b99266bff1f53ba38304b7e91efbff623d83b5d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ad7aa37686b4cf39e4002e9a2216334f7d8a400808fb4b26bef0d7627760a57b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-31T05:20:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"62ad17320dcfb2a996ddfea7bd6ee31bbe93912346fb4da1733b43733c5f0f9b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.17071","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b72a46bd31186260ebc20ce7a9cb6b5f3ed318e365a36e1de7f19b3c4d0f915c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b72a46bd31186260ebc20ce7a9cb6b5f3ed318e365a36e1de7f19b3c4d0f915c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643021Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643021Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7AY9SaSYC09K0gcyZ400Kc3PJux0tSbJBrzuv/euLf99r+ayK7a5pmC8Rk8U+mWAe5hlefwfiurjEkSQF9WZDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:54.643490Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.17071","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dfa51928409cf3bf40d127fd7b99266bff1f53ba38304b7e91efbff623d83b5d","sha256:6f1067bced089b4461e752279e4eed8800894f29f796054c05bab4de49e57b9d"],"state_sha256":"b0c48afef0e19d5ddf35dfa317ca4158e1c887e8daa0b4af84815f736e012a87"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7ZSgX/4kJ5+vX/H+Fqb8OVQRWonytTc/87JhAqptriCDFG7Dfci5tXSoxUPgYMBvEPpIL+epBYHhyPjrOSS2Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T05:46:59.822995Z","bundle_sha256":"8b31ba9934303dca4fa2b98c607fcbac77c5e2ac4f0ccbe5553219dc5bb84a67"}}