{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N","short_pith_number":"pith:W5FGX5WF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d57bfca830f181beb950c34cb7d46a6e268bf42d4a4470fa07dad5d2021593ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f74329bc24de073908c7459cc622ac9a15b8e0ed5b4449e599a38472471244b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b74a6bf6c5bea81a2c63ec23f2b763d36c5d3fb20a7b6cc2d7212ac58bddf938","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.09781","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.09781","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.09781v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.09781","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W5FGX5WFX2UB","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W5FGX5WF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d57bfca830f181beb950c34cb7d46a6e268bf42d4a4470fa07dad5d2021593ea","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f74329bc24de073908c7459cc622ac9a15b8e0ed5b4449e599a38472471244b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b74a6bf6c5bea81a2c63ec23f2b763d36c5d3fb20a7b6cc2d7212ac58bddf938","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918831Z","signature_b64":"qSY2smRcm1Ex1OvczBAjLaYyzOcD8IjiuG1t67NE1CBK7jsBg7WipDSq8Bnfthkb1s/R+OqVYRdi34LtEiUhDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b74a6bf6c5bea81a2c63ec23f2b763d36c5d3fb20a7b6cc2d7212ac58bddf938","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918334Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.09781","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aIxjVnB1X1E0evlcJJHINiszXkQqrqR45CP34E4vB0JheRFi5Hn1arud1nOnzQt6zEHe1GLhY6RvUEUIcM0VCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T13:54:16.636664Z"},"content_sha256":"1e023a410d0c990ca947ef2e7a1d3a1ac9f75e2fb128c158148b278692a63389","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e023a410d0c990ca947ef2e7a1d3a1ac9f75e2fb128c158148b278692a63389"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Finding quadruply imaged quasars with machine learning. I. Methods","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Akhazhanov, A. Amini, A. A. Plazas Malag\\'on, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Choi, A. G. Kim, A. More, A. Palmese, A. Pieres, A. Shajib, B. Flaugher, B. Nord, C. Conselice, C. Hazlett, C. Lemon, C. To, D. A. Finley, D. Brooks, D. Gruen, D. J. James, D. L. Burke, D. L. Hollowood, D. W. Gerdes, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Sanchez, E. Suchyta, F. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Menanteau, F. Paz-Chinch\\'on, G. Gutierrez, G. Tarle, H. Lin, I. Ferrero, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. Annis, J. Carretero, J. De Vicente, J. Frieman, J. Garc\\'ia-Bellido, J. Gschwend, J. P. Dietrich, J. Weller, K. Honscheid, K. Kuehn, L. N. da Costa, M. A. G. Maia, M. Aguena, M. Carrasco Kind, M. Costanzi, M. E. C. Swanson, M. E. S. Pereira, M. Lima, M. March, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, P. Doel, P. Schechter, R. A. Gruendl, R. Miquel, R. Morgan, S. Allam, S. Birrer, S. Desai, S. Everett, S. R. Hinton, S. Serrano, T. N. Varga, T. Treu, V. Scarpine","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Strongly lensed quadruply imaged quasars (quads) are extraordinary objects. They are very rare in the sky -- only a few tens are known to date -- and yet they provide unique information about a wide range of topics, including the expansion history and the composition of the Universe, the distribution of stars and dark matter in galaxies, the host galaxies of quasars, and the stellar initial mass function. Finding them in astronomical images is a classic \"needle in a haystack\" problem, as they are outnumbered by other (contaminant) sources by many orders of magnitude. To solve this problem, we "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.09781/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KAziRsNmNkO0aX1T1Zm8V2vSvLwHD5pv4wl4RIbkiBZnHfEfUsyV759DQ+X5RCF4GIs639DBOK+9zJtA6ofNDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T13:54:16.637339Z"},"content_sha256":"3c097fd0f34055db1d77621404809693564d4bd56f6b659573b9f94a010de29a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3c097fd0f34055db1d77621404809693564d4bd56f6b659573b9f94a010de29a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T13:54:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD5QR7FN3D2N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f74329bc24de073908c7459cc622ac9a15b8e0ed5b4449e599a38472471244b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d57bfca830f181beb950c34cb7d46a6e268bf42d4a4470fa07dad5d2021593ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.09781","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.09781v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.09781","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W5FGX5WFX2UB","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W5FGX5WFX2UBULDD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W5FGX5WF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3c097fd0f34055db1d77621404809693564d4bd56f6b659573b9f94a010de29a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.09781/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Strongly lensed quadruply imaged quasars (quads) are extraordinary objects. They are very rare in the sky -- only a few tens are known to date -- and yet they provide unique information about a wide range of topics, including the expansion history and the composition of the Universe, the distribution of stars and dark matter in galaxies, the host galaxies of quasars, and the stellar initial mass function. Finding them in astronomical images is a classic \"needle in a haystack\" problem, as they are outnumbered by other (contaminant) sources by many orders of magnitude. To solve this problem, we ","authors_text":"A. Akhazhanov, A. Amini, A. A. Plazas Malag\\'on, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Choi, A. G. Kim, A. More, A. Palmese, A. Pieres, A. Shajib, B. Flaugher, B. Nord, C. Conselice, C. Hazlett, C. Lemon, C. To, D. A. Finley, D. Brooks, D. Gruen, D. J. James, D. L. Burke, D. L. Hollowood, D. W. Gerdes, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Sanchez, E. Suchyta, F. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Menanteau, F. Paz-Chinch\\'on, G. Gutierrez, G. Tarle, H. Lin, I. Ferrero, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. Annis, J. Carretero, J. De Vicente, J. Frieman, J. Garc\\'ia-Bellido, J. Gschwend, J. P. Dietrich, J. Weller, K. Honscheid, K. Kuehn, L. N. da Costa, M. A. G. Maia, M. Aguena, M. Carrasco Kind, M. Costanzi, M. E. C. Swanson, M. E. S. Pereira, M. Lima, M. March, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, P. Doel, P. Schechter, R. A. Gruendl, R. Miquel, R. Morgan, S. Allam, S. Birrer, S. Desai, S. Everett, S. R. Hinton, S. Serrano, T. N. Varga, T. Treu, V. Scarpine","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","title":"Finding quadruply imaged quasars with machine learning. I. Methods"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1e023a410d0c990ca947ef2e7a1d3a1ac9f75e2fb128c158148b278692a63389","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f74329bc24de073908c7459cc622ac9a15b8e0ed5b4449e599a38472471244b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d57bfca830f181beb950c34cb7d46a6e268bf42d4a4470fa07dad5d2021593ea"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b74a6bf6c5bea81a2c63ec23f2b763d36c5d3fb20a7b6cc2d7212ac58bddf938","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b74a6bf6c5bea81a2c63ec23f2b763d36c5d3fb20a7b6cc2d7212ac58bddf938","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918334Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918334Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qSY2smRcm1Ex1OvczBAjLaYyzOcD8IjiuG1t67NE1CBK7jsBg7WipDSq8Bnfthkb1s/R+OqVYRdi34LtEiUhDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:13:42.918831Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.09781","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1e023a410d0c990ca947ef2e7a1d3a1ac9f75e2fb128c158148b278692a63389","sha256:3c097fd0f34055db1d77621404809693564d4bd56f6b659573b9f94a010de29a"],"state_sha256":"950dd90022ee566582ca6b390c5d5a7b2e14feaf820ea8c37073ff1b39290e5c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4KFfEXXScS+0spy0T/w560tVBVqpk+o3oMmmROVnoA0zOfw2gdGRch2CJz7/ntMLnfat/NvOzvWRgvBVhNilCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T13:54:16.640457Z","bundle_sha256":"0741b15854ab57755798c94f2a3887914f66837902b4c7ff35feb7850c1d4da9"}}