{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU","short_pith_number":"pith:W5NBQWWX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1111619c98fa268492395eed012c6683e8d7025d50126cfd70450fc7843e56f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"ff1a64a1d9a089eed9dcdceaad016e2a1cc192ea4d86cc215bee75304a77fde8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b75a185ad716b3649a9fccca183577c502b7b9951fbb93170be4253645583567","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.01321","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.01321","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.01321v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.01321","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W5NBQWWXC2ZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W5NBQWWX","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1111619c98fa268492395eed012c6683e8d7025d50126cfd70450fc7843e56f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"ff1a64a1d9a089eed9dcdceaad016e2a1cc192ea4d86cc215bee75304a77fde8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b75a185ad716b3649a9fccca183577c502b7b9951fbb93170be4253645583567","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.314405Z","signature_b64":"5J8R9U8QhWdPch485MiRDazr7H6EfoqksuJqbwCp5UJoK5rS/1cEMz0/ySvFCMhjDoic9DVxtRZDOY7ejUrvDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b75a185ad716b3649a9fccca183577c502b7b9951fbb93170be4253645583567","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.313940Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.313940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2101.01321","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GQ//dXTipGfbxqyGbuBpwddTb57kmGWqYswHUC6x99E4xHfx+U1s2kAcWjE5g0JmeVojQOSuFSv7c+xxD/2+Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T04:53:55.884920Z"},"content_sha256":"acd2f8d981812d654d6ae6b7c69e5fe499bdc1ab36e63689df9242db0b324952","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:acd2f8d981812d654d6ae6b7c69e5fe499bdc1ab36e63689df9242db0b324952"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"I-BERT: Integer-only BERT Quantization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Amir Gholami, Kurt Keutzer, Michael W. Mahoney, Sehoon Kim, Zhewei Yao","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Transformer based models, like BERT and RoBERTa, have achieved state-of-the-art results in many Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption are prohibitive efficient inference at the edge, and even at the data center. While quantization can be a viable solution for this, previous work on quantizing Transformer based models use floating-point arithmetic during inference, which cannot efficiently utilize integer-only logical units such as the recent Turing Tensor Cores, or traditional integer-only ARM processors. In this work, we p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.01321/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fNuHoRmBZV7QerYQ7b59lBgAElV/Gu7jzOsG8HT+0vgb1H3MPXKphCroaDVes71MZGzxI8yytlKmkj3hYdYCCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T04:53:55.885739Z"},"content_sha256":"437235a1cf6baa708c8e80d1643c6f03eda0e6358aa6246e5ac3d0ca1caf5653","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:437235a1cf6baa708c8e80d1643c6f03eda0e6358aa6246e5ac3d0ca1caf5653"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T04:53:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7ZTFBQNLXYU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ff1a64a1d9a089eed9dcdceaad016e2a1cc192ea4d86cc215bee75304a77fde8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"1111619c98fa268492395eed012c6683e8d7025d50126cfd70450fc7843e56f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.01321","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.01321v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.01321","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W5NBQWWXC2ZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W5NBQWWXC2ZWJGU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W5NBQWWX","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:437235a1cf6baa708c8e80d1643c6f03eda0e6358aa6246e5ac3d0ca1caf5653","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2101.01321/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Transformer based models, like BERT and RoBERTa, have achieved state-of-the-art results in many Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption are prohibitive efficient inference at the edge, and even at the data center. While quantization can be a viable solution for this, previous work on quantizing Transformer based models use floating-point arithmetic during inference, which cannot efficiently utilize integer-only logical units such as the recent Turing Tensor Cores, or traditional integer-only ARM processors. In this work, we p","authors_text":"Amir Gholami, Kurt Keutzer, Michael W. Mahoney, Sehoon Kim, Zhewei Yao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","title":"I-BERT: Integer-only BERT Quantization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:acd2f8d981812d654d6ae6b7c69e5fe499bdc1ab36e63689df9242db0b324952","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ff1a64a1d9a089eed9dcdceaad016e2a1cc192ea4d86cc215bee75304a77fde8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-01-05T02:42:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"1111619c98fa268492395eed012c6683e8d7025d50126cfd70450fc7843e56f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.01321","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"b75a185ad716b3649a9fccca183577c502b7b9951fbb93170be4253645583567","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b75a185ad716b3649a9fccca183577c502b7b9951fbb93170be4253645583567","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.313940Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.313940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5J8R9U8QhWdPch485MiRDazr7H6EfoqksuJqbwCp5UJoK5rS/1cEMz0/ySvFCMhjDoic9DVxtRZDOY7ejUrvDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:46.314405Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2101.01321","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:acd2f8d981812d654d6ae6b7c69e5fe499bdc1ab36e63689df9242db0b324952","sha256:437235a1cf6baa708c8e80d1643c6f03eda0e6358aa6246e5ac3d0ca1caf5653"],"state_sha256":"6be4f6bfa0fa87f31ae6efa6b47d052c4fb0c4f37a0482ed467626dc83d16218"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YNTNecZhEGK3NDwn4uULFgAwnecJxmDyZsa74C44B8IMSsLSVM2wi6s56+H/Hd8IARrx42PwO4rGcPOepjV3DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T04:53:55.890886Z","bundle_sha256":"b81c72ebe3c88aeb4ab76d8b4fb764511bdf0c7dbf51da98a6de044356f29995"}}