{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG","short_pith_number":"pith:W6GGDMVM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c03dea71f4769d55dac4532092bfdeacde49f84166c1598fdd8a81e443ffce5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4e56618326ad10a2803b4d6e9ef434ae116e63ad88a005d5a2ebed5f67888783"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b78c61b2ac7826426b325e11535a0e999360fc0e86bf568c2398dfb8ea969bb4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.01435","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.01435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.01435v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.01435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W6GGDMVMPATE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W6GGDMVM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c03dea71f4769d55dac4532092bfdeacde49f84166c1598fdd8a81e443ffce5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4e56618326ad10a2803b4d6e9ef434ae116e63ad88a005d5a2ebed5f67888783"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b78c61b2ac7826426b325e11535a0e999360fc0e86bf568c2398dfb8ea969bb4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.617618Z","signature_b64":"9BMiwuK+k4/rIZqpDjTklY0xgPvvuBHPf+IIeoZQ/86gdzCRvK2zlkACulsP5cyVuzsIb1T5I63Y1fGrsyALCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b78c61b2ac7826426b325e11535a0e999360fc0e86bf568c2398dfb8ea969bb4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.616910Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.616910Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.01435","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oV10Q/BalLggQX7+HDrzw7VDy2aPLQbRLV11AFEXLf8sSWZDavBif3dAaprBcO+1WSDEx+nsDwum7Mj3aIZ6AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T09:59:47.426343Z"},"content_sha256":"4412525b174bc0e9ecfced10b509002eb3de93c17473270fcc05a0f57139b22b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4412525b174bc0e9ecfced10b509002eb3de93c17473270fcc05a0f57139b22b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Zero Active Mass Condition in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Cosmologies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Fulvio Melia","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many cosmological measurements today suggest that the Universe is expanding at a constant rate. This is inferred from the observed age versus redshift relationship and various distance indicators, all of which point to a cosmic equation of state (EoS) p=-rho/3, where rho and p are, respectively, the total energy density and pressure of the cosmic fluid. It has recently been shown that this result is not a coincidence and simply confirms the fact that the symmetries in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric appear to be viable only for a medium with zero active mass, i.e., rho+3p=0. In the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mGLQRgp/oN5EpEElKAikdV6Rj1QRwuR25OgbOtpzb6ix226KBw0a8R49XChJWPlq58h5gaRRhYG4yLQH+ROfDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T09:59:47.426786Z"},"content_sha256":"ecb8082f1c095453e1dd577faf68a6d8536c811162e5327f87b3f853b8095339","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ecb8082f1c095453e1dd577faf68a6d8536c811162e5327f87b3f853b8095339"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T09:59:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZSLYIVGWQOTG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e56618326ad10a2803b4d6e9ef434ae116e63ad88a005d5a2ebed5f67888783","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"c03dea71f4769d55dac4532092bfdeacde49f84166c1598fdd8a81e443ffce5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.01435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.01435v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.01435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"W6GGDMVMPATE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"W6GGDMVMPATEE2ZS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"W6GGDMVM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ecb8082f1c095453e1dd577faf68a6d8536c811162e5327f87b3f853b8095339","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many cosmological measurements today suggest that the Universe is expanding at a constant rate. This is inferred from the observed age versus redshift relationship and various distance indicators, all of which point to a cosmic equation of state (EoS) p=-rho/3, where rho and p are, respectively, the total energy density and pressure of the cosmic fluid. It has recently been shown that this result is not a coincidence and simply confirms the fact that the symmetries in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric appear to be viable only for a medium with zero active mass, i.e., rho+3p=0. In the","authors_text":"Fulvio Melia","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","title":"The Zero Active Mass Condition in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Cosmologies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4412525b174bc0e9ecfced10b509002eb3de93c17473270fcc05a0f57139b22b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e56618326ad10a2803b4d6e9ef434ae116e63ad88a005d5a2ebed5f67888783","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T17:55:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"c03dea71f4769d55dac4532092bfdeacde49f84166c1598fdd8a81e443ffce5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.01435","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b78c61b2ac7826426b325e11535a0e999360fc0e86bf568c2398dfb8ea969bb4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b78c61b2ac7826426b325e11535a0e999360fc0e86bf568c2398dfb8ea969bb4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.616910Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.616910Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9BMiwuK+k4/rIZqpDjTklY0xgPvvuBHPf+IIeoZQ/86gdzCRvK2zlkACulsP5cyVuzsIb1T5I63Y1fGrsyALCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:51.617618Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.01435","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4412525b174bc0e9ecfced10b509002eb3de93c17473270fcc05a0f57139b22b","sha256:ecb8082f1c095453e1dd577faf68a6d8536c811162e5327f87b3f853b8095339"],"state_sha256":"ba98693909e10a649b9036cdd49af403d73196a5c1a848a6ad3ea0e760fba9aa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kNeVSvTQ05UrvD2UWBflEwp8TDFkXpXLy+Iq6EoM/XTVqcQudmiPNGZNSss7sd9q/XjZ4IaEwDxtjcu0zHfhAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T09:59:47.430085Z","bundle_sha256":"24d5c33a746fe0be342d71d52a02777be1bdf0f3ac7e04010094ae098ad15ff3"}}