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Letessier-Selvon, A.L. M\\\"uller, A. Machado Payeras, A.M. Badescu, A. Menshikov, A. Nasr-Esfahani, A Nucita, A. Parra, A. Puyleart, A. Saftoiu, A. Segreto, A. Streich, A. Tapia, A. Travaini, A. V\\'asquez-Ram\\'irez, A. Weindl, A. Yushkov, B. Andrada, B.C. Manning, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Keilhauer, B.L. Lago, B. Pont, B.R. Dawson, B. Tom\\'e, B. Wundheiler, C. Aramo, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Galea, C. Galelli, C. Hojvat, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, C.M. Sch\\\"afer, C.O. Escobar, C. Oliveira, C. P\\'erez Bertolli, C. Petrucci, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, C. Trimarelli, C. Ventura, C. Watanabe, D. Boncioli, D. Correia dos Santos, D. de Oliveira Franco, D. G\\'ora, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. Lo Presti, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Melo, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Ravignani, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. Arnone, E. Avocone, E. De Vito, E.E. Pereira Martins, E. Guido, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Barbato, F. Catalani, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, F. de Palma, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, F. Gesualdi, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F. Knapp, F.L. Briechle, F.M. Mariani, F. Montanet, F. Riehn, F. Salamida, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Schl\\\"uter, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Bhatta, G. Cataldi, G. Consolati, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. Nicora, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Silli, H. Asorey, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H.J. Mathes, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Schoorlemmer, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Caracas, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.D. Vergara Quispe, I. Epicoco, I. Goos, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Norwood, J.A. Bellido, J.A. Chinellato, J.A. Johnsen, J. Alvarez-Mu\\~niz, J. Ammerman Yebra, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, J. Bl\\\"umer, J. Brack, J. C. Arteaga Vel\\'azquez, J.C. D'Olivo, J. Chudoba, J. de Jes\\'us, J. de Oliveira, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Ebr, J. Farmer, J.F. Soriano, J.F. Vald\\'es Galicia, J. Glombitza, J. Jurysek, J. Kleinfeller, J. Manshanden, J. Matthews, J.M. Figueira, J.M. Gonz\\'alez, J. Pallotta, J. Pawlowsky, J. Perez Armand, J.P. Gongora, J. P\\k{e}kala, J.P. Lundquist, J. Rautenberg, J.R. H\\\"orandel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, J. Schulte, J. Stasielak, J. Vicha, J. Vink, K. Almeida Cheminant, K. Bismark, K. Daumiller, K.H. Kampert, K. Mulrey, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Anchordoqui, L.A. N\\'u\\~nez, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Caccianiga, L. Cazon, L. Chytka, L. Deval, L. Lopes, L. Lu, L.M. Domingues Mendes, L. Miramonti, L. Morejon, L. Nellen, L. No\\v{z}ka, L. Perrone, L. Vaclavek, L. Valore, L. Wiencke, L. Zehrer, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Martins, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M. B\\\"usken, M. Cerda, M. Cristinziani, M. Dobre, M.E. Bertaina, M. Eman, M. Erdmann, M. Giammarchi, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Gottowik, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Kleifges, M. Mastrodicasa, M. Muzio, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M. Reininghaus, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Saharan, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, M. Scornavacche, M. Stadelmaier, M. Straub, M. Su\\'arez-Dur\\'an, M. Tueros, M. Unger, M. Vacula, M. Zavrtanik, N. Borodai, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Krohm, N. Kunka, N. Langner, O. Deligny, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Tkachenko, O. Zapparrata, P. Assis, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, P.G. Isar, P. Hamal, P. Hansen, P. Horvath, P. Janecek, P.L. Biermann, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Privitera, P.R. Ara\\'ujo Ferreira, P. Ruehl, P. Savina, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Stassi, P. Tobiska, P. Travnicek, Q. Luce, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R. Engel, R. L\\'opez, R.M. de Almeida, R. Mussa, R. Pelayo, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Smau, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Dasso, S. Hahn, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Sciutto, S. Marafico, S. Martinelli, S. Mayotte, S. Michal, S. Mollerach, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Rossoni, S. Sehgal, S. Stani\\v{c}, S.U. Shivashankara, S. Vorobiov, T. Bister, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fitoussi, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: P. Abreu, T. Huege, T. Pierog, T. Schulz, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, U. Giaccari, V. Binet, V. de Souza, V. Lenok, V.M. Harvey, V. Novotny, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Verzi, V.V. Kizakke Covilakam, W.M. Namasaka, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Z. Szadkowski, Z. Torr\\`es","submitted_at":"2022-09-13T12:16:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above $10^{19}$ eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30$^\\circ$ to 60$^\\circ$ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95\\% CL are set to an $E^{"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.05926","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2022-09-13T12:16:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b0e639723fd9fa2341edc19892ce3ec79fed17241f8b8c080782fc4e8e4b7dbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"8b616598aae0c15e94a9bf94a2629f450a3c1a5162ae8d29da811c0e8b771871"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:33.581462Z","signature_b64":"9Fcdgm6dAUBnPL4wPyjTf87CdrvWylpuPIPI8DmX/vRfGH1j218B5slfOH7v4dLCChxMpSrysPkUQmvimurQDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b7e34080152e47a24b9d3c365da077079a023aafb3b4ad6a36e406f3d0f64b60","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:33.580914Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:57:33.580914Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Search for photons above 10$^{19}$ eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"A. Almela, A.A. Watson, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, A. Bueno, A. Bwembya, A. Castellina, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, A.C. Fauth, A. Coleman, A. Condorelli, A.C. Rovero, A. Del Popolo, A. Di Matteo, A.D. Supanitsky, A. Etchegoyen, A. Filip\\v{c}i\\v{c}, A. Fuster, A. Gherghel-Lascu, A.G. Mariazzi, A. Gorgi, A. Haungs, A. Insolia, A. K\\\"a\\\"ap\\\"a, A. Khakurdikar, A. Letessier-Selvon, A.L. M\\\"uller, A. Machado Payeras, A.M. Badescu, A. Menshikov, A. Nasr-Esfahani, A Nucita, A. Parra, A. Puyleart, A. Saftoiu, A. Segreto, A. Streich, A. Tapia, A. Travaini, A. V\\'asquez-Ram\\'irez, A. Weindl, A. Yushkov, B. Andrada, B.C. Manning, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Keilhauer, B.L. Lago, B. Pont, B.R. Dawson, B. Tom\\'e, B. Wundheiler, C. Aramo, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Galea, C. Galelli, C. Hojvat, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Morello, C.M. Sch\\\"afer, C.O. Escobar, C. Oliveira, C. P\\'erez Bertolli, C. Petrucci, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, C. Trimarelli, C. Ventura, C. Watanabe, D. Boncioli, D. Correia dos Santos, D. de Oliveira Franco, D. G\\'ora, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. Lo Presti, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Melo, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Ravignani, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. Arnone, E. Avocone, E. De Vito, E.E. Pereira Martins, E. Guido, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Barbato, F. Catalani, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, F. de Palma, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, F. Gesualdi, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F. Knapp, F.L. Briechle, F.M. Mariani, F. Montanet, F. Riehn, F. Salamida, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Schl\\\"uter, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Bhatta, G. Cataldi, G. Consolati, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. Nicora, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Silli, H. Asorey, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H.J. Mathes, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Schoorlemmer, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Caracas, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.D. Vergara Quispe, I. Epicoco, I. Goos, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Norwood, J.A. Bellido, J.A. Chinellato, J.A. Johnsen, J. Alvarez-Mu\\~niz, J. Ammerman Yebra, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, J. Bl\\\"umer, J. Brack, J. C. Arteaga Vel\\'azquez, J.C. D'Olivo, J. Chudoba, J. de Jes\\'us, J. de Oliveira, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Ebr, J. Farmer, J.F. Soriano, J.F. Vald\\'es Galicia, J. Glombitza, J. Jurysek, J. Kleinfeller, J. Manshanden, J. Matthews, J.M. Figueira, J.M. Gonz\\'alez, J. Pallotta, J. Pawlowsky, J. Perez Armand, J.P. Gongora, J. P\\k{e}kala, J.P. Lundquist, J. Rautenberg, J.R. H\\\"orandel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, J. Schulte, J. Stasielak, J. Vicha, J. Vink, K. Almeida Cheminant, K. Bismark, K. Daumiller, K.H. Kampert, K. Mulrey, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Anchordoqui, L.A. N\\'u\\~nez, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Caccianiga, L. Cazon, L. Chytka, L. Deval, L. Lopes, L. Lu, L.M. Domingues Mendes, L. Miramonti, L. Morejon, L. Nellen, L. No\\v{z}ka, L. Perrone, L. Vaclavek, L. Valore, L. Wiencke, L. Zehrer, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Martins, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M. B\\\"usken, M. Cerda, M. Cristinziani, M. Dobre, M.E. Bertaina, M. Eman, M. Erdmann, M. Giammarchi, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Gottowik, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Kleifges, M. Mastrodicasa, M. Muzio, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M. Reininghaus, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Saharan, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, M. Scornavacche, M. Stadelmaier, M. Straub, M. Su\\'arez-Dur\\'an, M. Tueros, M. Unger, M. Vacula, M. Zavrtanik, N. Borodai, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Krohm, N. Kunka, N. Langner, O. Deligny, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Tkachenko, O. Zapparrata, P. Assis, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, P.G. Isar, P. Hamal, P. Hansen, P. Horvath, P. Janecek, P.L. Biermann, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Privitera, P.R. Ara\\'ujo Ferreira, P. Ruehl, P. Savina, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Stassi, P. Tobiska, P. Travnicek, Q. Luce, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R. Engel, R. L\\'opez, R.M. de Almeida, R. Mussa, R. Pelayo, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Smau, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Dasso, S. Hahn, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Sciutto, S. Marafico, S. Martinelli, S. Mayotte, S. Michal, S. Mollerach, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Rossoni, S. Sehgal, S. Stani\\v{c}, S.U. Shivashankara, S. Vorobiov, T. Bister, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fitoussi, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: P. Abreu, T. Huege, T. Pierog, T. Schulz, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, U. Giaccari, V. Binet, V. de Souza, V. Lenok, V.M. Harvey, V. Novotny, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Verzi, V.V. Kizakke Covilakam, W.M. Namasaka, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Z. Szadkowski, Z. Torr\\`es","submitted_at":"2022-09-13T12:16:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above $10^{19}$ eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30$^\\circ$ to 60$^\\circ$ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. 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