{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC","short_pith_number":"pith:WADDXJEG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b1b023b08cb2d3ac2e3ec8acd7d0ee3871fae817490fdd4bbaca875e21770906","abstract_canon_sha256":"93c122b69f425a68e0ad231d965e3f8e2bcb9d8cf734ddd2b8265f381d7d53a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b0063ba48644c213bac8f61142aea570b60ee3cfce2ddd051990a4480c47aeb3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.07525","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.07525","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.07525v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.07525","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WADDXJEGITBB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WADDXJEGITBBHOWI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WADDXJEG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b1b023b08cb2d3ac2e3ec8acd7d0ee3871fae817490fdd4bbaca875e21770906","abstract_canon_sha256":"93c122b69f425a68e0ad231d965e3f8e2bcb9d8cf734ddd2b8265f381d7d53a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b0063ba48644c213bac8f61142aea570b60ee3cfce2ddd051990a4480c47aeb3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.053509Z","signature_b64":"aRaQc2w4S2W9fvHO02AXCaOuyau5nGmvMyPgWzpdfFqmWeKurbXa00Vu+pjkHEQgv/WMtmNGWXZp/3IQe2hQDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b0063ba48644c213bac8f61142aea570b60ee3cfce2ddd051990a4480c47aeb3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.052818Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.052818Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.07525","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IQivepJy7Qcq/YBpWs7frXLhg0fsayYHvWLIPH0c2VzDRjkFDMK90QD1FCqQmIs3233kg3c9/6IN/Yz0eFCkDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:43:41.994088Z"},"content_sha256":"dd06214c1af6240ade8af78f6afef37c1eb5ca3f3e39d5942e05ebfdf0ef71ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd06214c1af6240ade8af78f6afef37c1eb5ca3f3e39d5942e05ebfdf0ef71ca"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating outcome probabilities of quantum circuits using quasiprobabilities","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Hakop Pashayan, Joel J. Wallman, Stephen D. Bartlett","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a method for estimating the probabilities of outcomes of a quantum circuit using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to a quasiprobability representation. Our estimate converges to the true quantum probability at a rate determined by the total negativity in the circuit, using a measure of negativity based on the 1-norm of the quasiprobability. If the negativity grows at most polynomially in the size of the circuit, our estimator converges efficiently. These results highlight the role of negativity as a measure of non-classical resources in quantum computation."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JNWIvyhmn7VoDyQ2aeDWlj6QsOB4gLViLAbKhK5F1xQogpv4n6QF7sS/r2+I/zCo8CDLb/ljTBJCde2Qx9asDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:43:41.994800Z"},"content_sha256":"031ad6f23d315efe85981a1bc21989d839870f3f5622e9b42df2ec4a830fb56c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:031ad6f23d315efe85981a1bc21989d839870f3f5622e9b42df2ec4a830fb56c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T11:43:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:WADDXJEGITBBHOWI6YIUFLVFOC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93c122b69f425a68e0ad231d965e3f8e2bcb9d8cf734ddd2b8265f381d7d53a7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1b023b08cb2d3ac2e3ec8acd7d0ee3871fae817490fdd4bbaca875e21770906"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.07525","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.07525v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.07525","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WADDXJEGITBB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WADDXJEGITBBHOWI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WADDXJEG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:031ad6f23d315efe85981a1bc21989d839870f3f5622e9b42df2ec4a830fb56c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a method for estimating the probabilities of outcomes of a quantum circuit using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to a quasiprobability representation. Our estimate converges to the true quantum probability at a rate determined by the total negativity in the circuit, using a measure of negativity based on the 1-norm of the quasiprobability. If the negativity grows at most polynomially in the size of the circuit, our estimator converges efficiently. These results highlight the role of negativity as a measure of non-classical resources in quantum computation.","authors_text":"Hakop Pashayan, Joel J. Wallman, Stephen D. Bartlett","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","title":"Estimating outcome probabilities of quantum circuits using quasiprobabilities"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd06214c1af6240ade8af78f6afef37c1eb5ca3f3e39d5942e05ebfdf0ef71ca","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93c122b69f425a68e0ad231d965e3f8e2bcb9d8cf734ddd2b8265f381d7d53a7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-25T20:00:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"b1b023b08cb2d3ac2e3ec8acd7d0ee3871fae817490fdd4bbaca875e21770906"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.07525","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b0063ba48644c213bac8f61142aea570b60ee3cfce2ddd051990a4480c47aeb3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b0063ba48644c213bac8f61142aea570b60ee3cfce2ddd051990a4480c47aeb3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.052818Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.052818Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aRaQc2w4S2W9fvHO02AXCaOuyau5nGmvMyPgWzpdfFqmWeKurbXa00Vu+pjkHEQgv/WMtmNGWXZp/3IQe2hQDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:35:32.053509Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.07525","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd06214c1af6240ade8af78f6afef37c1eb5ca3f3e39d5942e05ebfdf0ef71ca","sha256:031ad6f23d315efe85981a1bc21989d839870f3f5622e9b42df2ec4a830fb56c"],"state_sha256":"377ebcffaa17b4190de5b0ee227943f61b575798f099fd8411db331ca1bbaf6c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j8dbCQAmmzxrW4TRFKIJrDYf0Wl0QXDo4AlsLxb0JaovfVLPawSKCgswjEQmZ1P3fXp1GRjfSN11XEa5nw5BCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:43:41.999231Z","bundle_sha256":"33c1ecca72fb3751f2f0a7bbef15b6a184485d5faf9a786a329a6fc2ee0ba21b"}}