{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT","short_pith_number":"pith:WBLD3FGR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c50b0e45300d8038bbd66e49302fc471309114e61833764042623fe948660a4f","abstract_canon_sha256":"c17469f6c9d0f7cecf1bb890c93e670e183c1c3ae464546ca39a1d81619f27ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b0563d94d11620b08c341025d0e1a944dcdec5492829b41d0118115cbcb25ade","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.06095","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.06095","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.06095v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.06095","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WBLD3FGRCYQL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WBLD3FGR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c50b0e45300d8038bbd66e49302fc471309114e61833764042623fe948660a4f","abstract_canon_sha256":"c17469f6c9d0f7cecf1bb890c93e670e183c1c3ae464546ca39a1d81619f27ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b0563d94d11620b08c341025d0e1a944dcdec5492829b41d0118115cbcb25ade","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596707Z","signature_b64":"S6oLtEuOMSJyqxm4CpT+D66ZEc0RTMBihDEWsp9EelSTnQpopilhyKGiTP2F1zB6bHMnTo+5Je8C2FAB9+J+DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b0563d94d11620b08c341025d0e1a944dcdec5492829b41d0118115cbcb25ade","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596077Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.06095","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DM1G0+Oxc2mvETzENRAx9icTwRJOmZhzhbtgnmkm3V+mfbIkTNMbe7u5ZQQP7R1RHB4cL7EsNJ3HI1O6lBB+DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T06:14:26.338464Z"},"content_sha256":"ac97e9ba740282c5127dd699bf068ab28084217123594e498148c910b65af555","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac97e9ba740282c5127dd699bf068ab28084217123594e498148c910b65af555"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Taming Distrust in the Decentralized Internet with PIXIU","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Binyu Zang, Cheng Tan, Haibo Chen, Jing Leng, Qingyuan Liu, Shangning Xu, Yubin Xia","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Decentralized Internet is booming. People are fascinated by its promise that users can truly own their data. However, in a decentralized Internet, completing a task usually involves multiple nodes with mutual distrust. Such distrust might eventually become a major obstacle for the growth of the decentralized Internet. In this paper, we analyze the distrust using a simple model and highlight the properties required to faithfully accomplish one task in a decentralized Internet. We also introduce our draft solution -- PIXIU, a framework to mitigate the distrust among different nodes. In PIXIU, we"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZBiZGyuzpx5RPkqJ/x2B6V+fKqA3zELmC93NMpbAcMDgqRk2n3vHj42vcRUunH87jLINaWjfjpPYytVS9fq/Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T06:14:26.339088Z"},"content_sha256":"f49e1a5f091b312f4a19eea00ed4077b21c1320f7cf1431b47deb613b80baa8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f49e1a5f091b312f4a19eea00ed4077b21c1320f7cf1431b47deb613b80baa8e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T06:14:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBUCAS5BYNJIT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c17469f6c9d0f7cecf1bb890c93e670e183c1c3ae464546ca39a1d81619f27ce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"c50b0e45300d8038bbd66e49302fc471309114e61833764042623fe948660a4f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.06095","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.06095v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.06095","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WBLD3FGRCYQL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WBLD3FGRCYQLBDBU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WBLD3FGR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f49e1a5f091b312f4a19eea00ed4077b21c1320f7cf1431b47deb613b80baa8e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Decentralized Internet is booming. People are fascinated by its promise that users can truly own their data. However, in a decentralized Internet, completing a task usually involves multiple nodes with mutual distrust. Such distrust might eventually become a major obstacle for the growth of the decentralized Internet. In this paper, we analyze the distrust using a simple model and highlight the properties required to faithfully accomplish one task in a decentralized Internet. We also introduce our draft solution -- PIXIU, a framework to mitigate the distrust among different nodes. In PIXIU, we","authors_text":"Binyu Zang, Cheng Tan, Haibo Chen, Jing Leng, Qingyuan Liu, Shangning Xu, Yubin Xia","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","title":"Taming Distrust in the Decentralized Internet with PIXIU"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ac97e9ba740282c5127dd699bf068ab28084217123594e498148c910b65af555","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c17469f6c9d0f7cecf1bb890c93e670e183c1c3ae464546ca39a1d81619f27ce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-18T06:06:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"c50b0e45300d8038bbd66e49302fc471309114e61833764042623fe948660a4f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.06095","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b0563d94d11620b08c341025d0e1a944dcdec5492829b41d0118115cbcb25ade","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b0563d94d11620b08c341025d0e1a944dcdec5492829b41d0118115cbcb25ade","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596077Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"S6oLtEuOMSJyqxm4CpT+D66ZEc0RTMBihDEWsp9EelSTnQpopilhyKGiTP2F1zB6bHMnTo+5Je8C2FAB9+J+DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:04.596707Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.06095","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ac97e9ba740282c5127dd699bf068ab28084217123594e498148c910b65af555","sha256:f49e1a5f091b312f4a19eea00ed4077b21c1320f7cf1431b47deb613b80baa8e"],"state_sha256":"f74959c223d44abd2aca7b38c9d2dbcf025917dd8f6f32d156b92c3d173b08c0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2VungqBxmLP8wAYFZkKA0EACbwT7ioed2XQk0xVgvw5uoOZLsxdph4Z4ABgOImCGZbahatvhrWzMI/LGwNLIDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T06:14:26.341949Z","bundle_sha256":"52a554e13eb8676e2c3a29000bd03ad26a4f9581025b0faa37a98cdd9ebc4975"}}