{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV","short_pith_number":"pith:WEN4YSP4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a1e0d3f56196aebcbd245102741dac690c6aa61e5618ad69d784757834d72d9a","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b43e43aecd808b0d34ecdceee568545f56225ea6ed82af2d5e988dc1b05f973"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b11bcc49fc907560e8030e035e69512572684db8a1253c7c9e71003e64391c44","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.06870","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.06870","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.06870v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.06870","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4SB2W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4SB2WB2AD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a1e0d3f56196aebcbd245102741dac690c6aa61e5618ad69d784757834d72d9a","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b43e43aecd808b0d34ecdceee568545f56225ea6ed82af2d5e988dc1b05f973"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b11bcc49fc907560e8030e035e69512572684db8a1253c7c9e71003e64391c44","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.695101Z","signature_b64":"gCeXhP5izkbrxS/VXX2cjqf98PetK0b2gG/zxiL8xd8e+xfxWYWAloFg7UQMtCmvPIE9DJKwaGZeJFGuBMIPAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b11bcc49fc907560e8030e035e69512572684db8a1253c7c9e71003e64391c44","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.694400Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.694400Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.06870","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l+hitRJWxvFIdhBc2G1wC7HOXC+pHUyoZD43dQOq0b6Rf9phz1xO9L9NJ0wig+S79T9LSkWgavzueUqxcEUDBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T21:28:35.819282Z"},"content_sha256":"de45e3e9f0edef50d1c8c076781344e3045650c988760ad98df516bfe42fa65f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de45e3e9f0edef50d1c8c076781344e3045650c988760ad98df516bfe42fa65f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improved model-based clustering performance using Bayesian initialization averaging","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.CO","authors_text":"Adrian O'Hagan, Arthur White","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a commonly used method for finding the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in a mixture model via coordinate ascent. A serious pitfall with the algorithm is that in the case of multimodal likelihood functions, it can get trapped at a local maximum. This problem often occurs when sub-optimal starting values are used to initialize the algorithm. Bayesian initialization averaging (BIA) is proposed as an ensemble method to generate high quality starting values for the EM algorithm. Competing sets of trial starting values are combined as a w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X8eOIkxGR9m9UtPGYGNU+SjWOuhQonKfVwxrQUSCCg8jxHnyUJYGRbvf6Hg4MmHQA2lR9t+IkKJ1GSPKIbG/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T21:28:35.819656Z"},"content_sha256":"fb85639bbfc68312b62d633c5a4edd88d325c93c001e22975465e5bab5f43816","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb85639bbfc68312b62d633c5a4edd88d325c93c001e22975465e5bab5f43816"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T21:28:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:WEN4YSP4SB2WB2ADBYBV42KREV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b43e43aecd808b0d34ecdceee568545f56225ea6ed82af2d5e988dc1b05f973","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a1e0d3f56196aebcbd245102741dac690c6aa61e5618ad69d784757834d72d9a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.06870","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.06870v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.06870","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4SB2W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4SB2WB2AD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WEN4YSP4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fb85639bbfc68312b62d633c5a4edd88d325c93c001e22975465e5bab5f43816","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a commonly used method for finding the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in a mixture model via coordinate ascent. A serious pitfall with the algorithm is that in the case of multimodal likelihood functions, it can get trapped at a local maximum. This problem often occurs when sub-optimal starting values are used to initialize the algorithm. Bayesian initialization averaging (BIA) is proposed as an ensemble method to generate high quality starting values for the EM algorithm. Competing sets of trial starting values are combined as a w","authors_text":"Adrian O'Hagan, Arthur White","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","title":"Improved model-based clustering performance using Bayesian initialization averaging"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:de45e3e9f0edef50d1c8c076781344e3045650c988760ad98df516bfe42fa65f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b43e43aecd808b0d34ecdceee568545f56225ea6ed82af2d5e988dc1b05f973","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-04-26T19:25:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a1e0d3f56196aebcbd245102741dac690c6aa61e5618ad69d784757834d72d9a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.06870","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"b11bcc49fc907560e8030e035e69512572684db8a1253c7c9e71003e64391c44","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b11bcc49fc907560e8030e035e69512572684db8a1253c7c9e71003e64391c44","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.694400Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.694400Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gCeXhP5izkbrxS/VXX2cjqf98PetK0b2gG/zxiL8xd8e+xfxWYWAloFg7UQMtCmvPIE9DJKwaGZeJFGuBMIPAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:51.695101Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.06870","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:de45e3e9f0edef50d1c8c076781344e3045650c988760ad98df516bfe42fa65f","sha256:fb85639bbfc68312b62d633c5a4edd88d325c93c001e22975465e5bab5f43816"],"state_sha256":"e1c00157954a5128a2c93ce10526f7155fd2b4ae939d3e283183471de284f78d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"muvgfcmUZ6W+/voUFDOAc8gC3nHvt1bqmwaQV5IijlNZyqQIpsKHobHMfU/jXm2x9iCJoUsXmFMM7KGRlQAGCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T21:28:35.821786Z","bundle_sha256":"dc7bebf8654c570f4224285e4ca8923338ab5e69fefc077f24ba670c8e930001"}}