{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN","short_pith_number":"pith:WGVLUML6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e07171964b7c6a98c8d1ce9a9317084bd0e84e6a000877d1ab00084c33adc00e","abstract_canon_sha256":"dead33406dccdfd58061868b8a1e31e7f136dae6081984eccdbc0faf5ab2d395"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b1aaba317e4f1046a0f4cbb423a0af0b4b010bdadd85d535c309c158a070c88a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.10794","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.10794","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.10794v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.10794","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WGVLUML6J4IE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WGVLUML6J4IENIHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WGVLUML6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e07171964b7c6a98c8d1ce9a9317084bd0e84e6a000877d1ab00084c33adc00e","abstract_canon_sha256":"dead33406dccdfd58061868b8a1e31e7f136dae6081984eccdbc0faf5ab2d395"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b1aaba317e4f1046a0f4cbb423a0af0b4b010bdadd85d535c309c158a070c88a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.090007Z","signature_b64":"+TmML3vsBmVYSL2gOacqK+xf2BjoFbsuzQWlc4vS2wkFGfLPIjUF7BTz7Dv7hARv/1syCwrdjc3llF3QL8ujAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b1aaba317e4f1046a0f4cbb423a0af0b4b010bdadd85d535c309c158a070c88a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.089357Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.089357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.10794","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FC6WeWoBENHdw4ncZrA9syJqaCjIaGIDLdnNXP1pX5N4RNnd5QdLhwMnMyMHKdeQVw23HtzJI99+TQiZjsz/Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T09:49:37.712062Z"},"content_sha256":"f3e8fa2d04ea286e433065cb34446bfe5035f496554e70f4367f6064a0fdb9ea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3e8fa2d04ea286e433065cb34446bfe5035f496554e70f4367f6064a0fdb9ea"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mechanically tunable spontaneous vertical charge redistribution in few-layer WTe2","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Chun-Liang Lin, Emi Minamitani, Kazuaki Kawahara, Noriaki Takagi, Ryuichi Arafune, Satoshi Watanabe, Zeyuan Ni","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Broken symmetry is the essence of exotic properties in condensed matters. Tungsten ditelluride, WTe$_2$, exceptionally takes a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides, and exhibits novel properties$^{1-4}$, such as the nonsaturating magnetoresistance$^1$ and ferroelectric-like behavior$^4$. Herein, using the first-principles calculation, we show that unique layer stacking in WTe$_2$ generates surface dipoles with different strengths on the top and bottom surfaces in few-layer WTe$_2$. This leads to a layer-dependence for electron/hole carrier rat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fV9HeCPsKdbVVpoTndldLVh54R+uTsoCMiwy93HowdBrtsdrrEOivtdhbULM0FJuJNuaFRlWCf1STPpwj20SAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T09:49:37.712418Z"},"content_sha256":"e2269195c42de775905952b0886b2b93796a5f6b071ab82685a794d46b565876","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e2269195c42de775905952b0886b2b93796a5f6b071ab82685a794d46b565876"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T09:49:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:WGVLUML6J4IENIHUZO2CHIFPBN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dead33406dccdfd58061868b8a1e31e7f136dae6081984eccdbc0faf5ab2d395","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"e07171964b7c6a98c8d1ce9a9317084bd0e84e6a000877d1ab00084c33adc00e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.10794","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.10794v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.10794","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WGVLUML6J4IE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WGVLUML6J4IENIHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WGVLUML6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e2269195c42de775905952b0886b2b93796a5f6b071ab82685a794d46b565876","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Broken symmetry is the essence of exotic properties in condensed matters. Tungsten ditelluride, WTe$_2$, exceptionally takes a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides, and exhibits novel properties$^{1-4}$, such as the nonsaturating magnetoresistance$^1$ and ferroelectric-like behavior$^4$. Herein, using the first-principles calculation, we show that unique layer stacking in WTe$_2$ generates surface dipoles with different strengths on the top and bottom surfaces in few-layer WTe$_2$. This leads to a layer-dependence for electron/hole carrier rat","authors_text":"Chun-Liang Lin, Emi Minamitani, Kazuaki Kawahara, Noriaki Takagi, Ryuichi Arafune, Satoshi Watanabe, Zeyuan Ni","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","title":"Mechanically tunable spontaneous vertical charge redistribution in few-layer WTe2"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f3e8fa2d04ea286e433065cb34446bfe5035f496554e70f4367f6064a0fdb9ea","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dead33406dccdfd58061868b8a1e31e7f136dae6081984eccdbc0faf5ab2d395","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-31T14:59:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"e07171964b7c6a98c8d1ce9a9317084bd0e84e6a000877d1ab00084c33adc00e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.10794","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b1aaba317e4f1046a0f4cbb423a0af0b4b010bdadd85d535c309c158a070c88a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b1aaba317e4f1046a0f4cbb423a0af0b4b010bdadd85d535c309c158a070c88a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.089357Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.089357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+TmML3vsBmVYSL2gOacqK+xf2BjoFbsuzQWlc4vS2wkFGfLPIjUF7BTz7Dv7hARv/1syCwrdjc3llF3QL8ujAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:03.090007Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.10794","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f3e8fa2d04ea286e433065cb34446bfe5035f496554e70f4367f6064a0fdb9ea","sha256:e2269195c42de775905952b0886b2b93796a5f6b071ab82685a794d46b565876"],"state_sha256":"f3c20a355bf8e0074b9b5bb39f9727abb6b8eb105d2186085761e2b64c89f0c5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uPC+wZ8K+Nq29CyLQ6QypiG5xUpgwYgBrnp15k6wJpzC+6z1D9M521mI/mHFZRb1VNulHhbt2wp9CjybojjxAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T09:49:37.714260Z","bundle_sha256":"0b7a580e6b421a7b34fe8ce0c2599997b7825703c2a18d3418ee5732307084cf"}}