{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS","short_pith_number":"pith:WHNQUQMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a5d5eb6c76e7928a63f1534a6c9c996c6dd1bfb81373e90bd1f320b641878a74","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a24b63730d718719fa03bb7b2aa6d44fd3baeab82fb372bf3d9d89cc802bc71"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b1db0a419526fb6183e0ab482a8a6c44ae0b32ef5b76b3e700b8c83317daf1e3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2207.03209","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.03209","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.03209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.03209","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WHNQUQMVE35W","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WHNQUQMVE35WDA7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WHNQUQMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a5d5eb6c76e7928a63f1534a6c9c996c6dd1bfb81373e90bd1f320b641878a74","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a24b63730d718719fa03bb7b2aa6d44fd3baeab82fb372bf3d9d89cc802bc71"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b1db0a419526fb6183e0ab482a8a6c44ae0b32ef5b76b3e700b8c83317daf1e3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910654Z","signature_b64":"vQZ60IwiqfJjilCJYqC8ezJnBHFki/xO8ps+WylWExEo7qFbZGPUAAkouZ3/fTwJ8KiA5f+TyeqFUxKMAjXhCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b1db0a419526fb6183e0ab482a8a6c44ae0b32ef5b76b3e700b8c83317daf1e3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910295Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910295Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2207.03209","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rzCPhPpnoxh9LXu3Ay1TmWa42hjcO5qpRpC8qHVO4eC+plOdOZncFLLltyI7/rO/2nkqGELJz/uZaZ5lCpe6Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T15:06:09.760415Z"},"content_sha256":"2827aef990d54dd6b882e1fd20f5d31e284aa5358be493a442ffa8a3551e007e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2827aef990d54dd6b882e1fd20f5d31e284aa5358be493a442ffa8a3551e007e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Application of Validation Obligations to Security Concerns","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LO","authors_text":"Alexander Egyed, Atif Mashkoor, Sebastian Stock","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Our lives become increasingly dependent on safety- and security-critical systems, so formal techniques are advocated for engineering such systems. One of such techniques is validation obligations that enable formalizing requirements early in development to ensure their correctness. Furthermore, validation obligations help hold requirements consistent in an evolving model and create assurances about the model's completeness. Although initially proposed for safety properties, this paper shows how the technique of validation obligations enables us to also reason about security concerns through an"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2207.03209/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IaDaEuMkocxNnTBtR3voshHOY3OLiUHQnasXdV5TdfyxOAnUcGmB8PmzxmuG4MjNS/sOWkiA6JCnxvBoD0HDBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T15:06:09.760809Z"},"content_sha256":"fd7d774dbbe09d3c4ff4844ea280a589c4aa30c8b6f417e1a09e0bf2d65ce2a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fd7d774dbbe09d3c4ff4844ea280a589c4aa30c8b6f417e1a09e0bf2d65ce2a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-16T15:06:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:WHNQUQMVE35WDA7AVNECVCTMIS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a24b63730d718719fa03bb7b2aa6d44fd3baeab82fb372bf3d9d89cc802bc71","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"a5d5eb6c76e7928a63f1534a6c9c996c6dd1bfb81373e90bd1f320b641878a74"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.03209","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.03209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.03209","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WHNQUQMVE35W","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WHNQUQMVE35WDA7A","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WHNQUQMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fd7d774dbbe09d3c4ff4844ea280a589c4aa30c8b6f417e1a09e0bf2d65ce2a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2207.03209/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Our lives become increasingly dependent on safety- and security-critical systems, so formal techniques are advocated for engineering such systems. One of such techniques is validation obligations that enable formalizing requirements early in development to ensure their correctness. Furthermore, validation obligations help hold requirements consistent in an evolving model and create assurances about the model's completeness. Although initially proposed for safety properties, this paper shows how the technique of validation obligations enables us to also reason about security concerns through an","authors_text":"Alexander Egyed, Atif Mashkoor, Sebastian Stock","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","title":"Application of Validation Obligations to Security Concerns"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2827aef990d54dd6b882e1fd20f5d31e284aa5358be493a442ffa8a3551e007e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a24b63730d718719fa03bb7b2aa6d44fd3baeab82fb372bf3d9d89cc802bc71","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LO","submitted_at":"2022-07-07T10:31:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"a5d5eb6c76e7928a63f1534a6c9c996c6dd1bfb81373e90bd1f320b641878a74"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.03209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b1db0a419526fb6183e0ab482a8a6c44ae0b32ef5b76b3e700b8c83317daf1e3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b1db0a419526fb6183e0ab482a8a6c44ae0b32ef5b76b3e700b8c83317daf1e3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910295Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910295Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vQZ60IwiqfJjilCJYqC8ezJnBHFki/xO8ps+WylWExEo7qFbZGPUAAkouZ3/fTwJ8KiA5f+TyeqFUxKMAjXhCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:38:19.910654Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2207.03209","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2827aef990d54dd6b882e1fd20f5d31e284aa5358be493a442ffa8a3551e007e","sha256:fd7d774dbbe09d3c4ff4844ea280a589c4aa30c8b6f417e1a09e0bf2d65ce2a6"],"state_sha256":"f07b3592326eca88c5677e9594d95bfd95a677d6254803a301f58e4f3123036d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"okMlg1Zph3lPpLXVc8o0+Kw/CYPTMddCD36KdZanJnTzrYtzT7EZK/BbqFAXrAe9PaRIZVkX3SV5b7XNC5T2CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T15:06:09.763687Z","bundle_sha256":"0e40be6ab09dd4952682832c8d1f3d14da3b5934522cfdbbbadf47c2a61c0f62"}}