{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2","short_pith_number":"pith:WIEP4TSY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"058c8f58bf92de151d0b7f067cb3b2f1f491740b784d8588f8f0eebf3d060501","abstract_canon_sha256":"c32b94f59623aec22866cfe6c997fd34a62bd9e9e1c0bc74e6d2f03c653ce84d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b208fe4e5835f11d9261bd3aed1722b6847ff55e608eefec38df2a53aa33b39e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.0287","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.0287","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.0287v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.0287","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WIEP4TSYGXYR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WIEP4TSY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"058c8f58bf92de151d0b7f067cb3b2f1f491740b784d8588f8f0eebf3d060501","abstract_canon_sha256":"c32b94f59623aec22866cfe6c997fd34a62bd9e9e1c0bc74e6d2f03c653ce84d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b208fe4e5835f11d9261bd3aed1722b6847ff55e608eefec38df2a53aa33b39e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.376327Z","signature_b64":"37GnMeQSsNPfxEzdSIVFGxPqpdoOEw6uki+0/lcj2EhTrM/KPOwqyo1kBPU/GXHCyloVEwd28fw8dS96BrQ8Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b208fe4e5835f11d9261bd3aed1722b6847ff55e608eefec38df2a53aa33b39e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.375853Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.375853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1311.0287","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HwrV3x3wmpuwiqXdfae0W3rEtso8fpf3cGIwaVE9BnXpsh1L1GKQ4hmG0O/mlaQGK5xNzcqBZY3THsFDMVhSAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T23:15:29.282756Z"},"content_sha256":"c779d64dad22b152f42071ad0653b214ca5bfd2291aa980f4579762eb6f3f077","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c779d64dad22b152f42071ad0653b214ca5bfd2291aa980f4579762eb6f3f077"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The energy production rate density of cosmic rays in the local universe is $\\sim10^{44-45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ at all particle energies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Boaz Katz, Eli Waxman, Todd Thompson","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"The energy output (per logarithmic interval of particle energies) of Cosmic Rays (CRs) with energies $10{\\rm GeV}\\lesssim\\varepsilon_p\\lesssim100{\\rm GeV}$ is $\\sim 10^{47}\\rm erg$ per solar mass of star$-$formation, based on the CR production rate in the Milky Way and in starburst galaxies, implying a generation rate of $\\varepsilon_p^2Q\\sim 10^{45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ in the local universe. It is only $\\sim 10$ times larger than the output, $\\varepsilon_p^2 Q=0.5\\pm0.2\\times 10^{44}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$, of Ultra High Energy CRs (UHECRs) at energies $10^{10.5}{\\rm GeV}<\\varepsilon_p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E68sMY1271JaTNUj/uiwuGpc/WEYjSXpqYzLe5xDpmKLO45WIw3NGE72J7yC5E+u2T5F9FWR6Nx9tV3Duj7hDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T23:15:29.283392Z"},"content_sha256":"908de5f9d99fbc43040ee3b2dd796efc2f37aa0271f500ac3e619d255b9e0071","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:908de5f9d99fbc43040ee3b2dd796efc2f37aa0271f500ac3e619d255b9e0071"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T23:15:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETBXU5O2FZCW2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c32b94f59623aec22866cfe6c997fd34a62bd9e9e1c0bc74e6d2f03c653ce84d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"058c8f58bf92de151d0b7f067cb3b2f1f491740b784d8588f8f0eebf3d060501"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.0287","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.0287v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.0287","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WIEP4TSYGXYR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WIEP4TSYGXYR3ETB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WIEP4TSY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:908de5f9d99fbc43040ee3b2dd796efc2f37aa0271f500ac3e619d255b9e0071","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The energy output (per logarithmic interval of particle energies) of Cosmic Rays (CRs) with energies $10{\\rm GeV}\\lesssim\\varepsilon_p\\lesssim100{\\rm GeV}$ is $\\sim 10^{47}\\rm erg$ per solar mass of star$-$formation, based on the CR production rate in the Milky Way and in starburst galaxies, implying a generation rate of $\\varepsilon_p^2Q\\sim 10^{45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ in the local universe. It is only $\\sim 10$ times larger than the output, $\\varepsilon_p^2 Q=0.5\\pm0.2\\times 10^{44}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$, of Ultra High Energy CRs (UHECRs) at energies $10^{10.5}{\\rm GeV}<\\varepsilon_p","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Boaz Katz, Eli Waxman, Todd Thompson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","title":"The energy production rate density of cosmic rays in the local universe is $\\sim10^{44-45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ at all particle energies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c779d64dad22b152f42071ad0653b214ca5bfd2291aa980f4579762eb6f3f077","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c32b94f59623aec22866cfe6c997fd34a62bd9e9e1c0bc74e6d2f03c653ce84d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"058c8f58bf92de151d0b7f067cb3b2f1f491740b784d8588f8f0eebf3d060501"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b208fe4e5835f11d9261bd3aed1722b6847ff55e608eefec38df2a53aa33b39e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b208fe4e5835f11d9261bd3aed1722b6847ff55e608eefec38df2a53aa33b39e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.375853Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.375853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"37GnMeQSsNPfxEzdSIVFGxPqpdoOEw6uki+0/lcj2EhTrM/KPOwqyo1kBPU/GXHCyloVEwd28fw8dS96BrQ8Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:06.376327Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1311.0287","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c779d64dad22b152f42071ad0653b214ca5bfd2291aa980f4579762eb6f3f077","sha256:908de5f9d99fbc43040ee3b2dd796efc2f37aa0271f500ac3e619d255b9e0071"],"state_sha256":"a5f28fb6fe94f3ecae70d6ad20056f744fc0ff29a6d76d36a78cd108d0d39b06"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/HDIvEqLOYxDQjgSmN17AQGa88GqnLb492tuFPT7lIj1MP6t0a0lREncW+zyUChwp5kzfjyG+kINt91G7SitAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T23:15:29.287701Z","bundle_sha256":"caf1240070de0ed737f560715af893d2d0f1d6726b63436232b3320f832847c5"}}