{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4","short_pith_number":"pith:WJGJVZLY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b24c9ae5788e23750348d556c5ce67bf2031eed96c20eb0af91a8faa04c904a6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.01879","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Molecular simulations of heterogeneous ice nucleation. I. Controlling ice nucleation through surface hydrophilicity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Angelos Michaelides, Ben Slater, Shawn M. Kathmann, Stephen J. Cox","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T15:19:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ice formation is one of the most common and important processes on earth and almost always occurs at the surface of a material. A basic understanding of how the physicochemical properties of a material's surface affect its ability to form ice has remained elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to directly probe heterogeneous ice nucleation at a hexagonal surface of a nanoparticle of varying hydrophilicity. Surprisingly, we find that structurally identical surfaces can both inhibit and promote ice formation and analogous to a chemical catalyst, it is found that an optimal interact"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.01879","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T15:19:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"title_canon_sha256":"8325bbae58d22015a2d621b8437fd1b754cf0f16acb10d0af2cc46d381e07995","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc2ed1976a4c0f03d612a253240e2cc9f2f32ea5a4f84bfc03ba6635b09791d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343732Z","signature_b64":"nrSo5JVFa9GDH5wfcSJbv8Hyv8/WocdMWpDoC09573uE5ojluM8ME/u1X8YFmA7sflwFI3662zVVr6i173jyBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b24c9ae5788e23750348d556c5ce67bf2031eed96c20eb0af91a8faa04c904a6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343186Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Molecular simulations of heterogeneous ice nucleation. I. Controlling ice nucleation through surface hydrophilicity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Angelos Michaelides, Ben Slater, Shawn M. Kathmann, Stephen J. Cox","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T15:19:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ice formation is one of the most common and important processes on earth and almost always occurs at the surface of a material. A basic understanding of how the physicochemical properties of a material's surface affect its ability to form ice has remained elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to directly probe heterogeneous ice nucleation at a hexagonal surface of a nanoparticle of varying hydrophilicity. Surprisingly, we find that structurally identical surfaces can both inhibit and promote ice formation and analogous to a chemical catalyst, it is found that an optimal interact"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.01879","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.01879","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343276+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.01879v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343276+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.01879","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343276+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WJGJVZLYRYRX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47.479230+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47.479230+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WJGJVZLY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:47.479230+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4","json":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WJGJVZLY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WJGJVZLY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1501.01879&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/WJGJVZLYRYRXKA2I2VLMLTTHX4/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343276+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:00:02.343276+00:00"}