{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WK2TWOE7X27DJOHB6PBMKIIIP5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"83746124ef3f1a4091fa9f36fc7a6e364b9004a0b9a11111cbfdbe45b7c56b90","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-18T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"0db1418d69931ca353330f1879ecdb95f469ffa8a7fc0ad1420d005a93024028"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.07623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.07623","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.07623v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.07623","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WK2TWOE7X27D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WK2TWOE7X27DJOHB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WK2TWOE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:043301dc5688029b09599daafb9d2798146b64d4ff48e5f8f086680fa2c6ce66","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this white paper we explore the capabilities required to identify and study supermassive black holes formed from heavy seeds ($\\mathrm{M_{\\bullet}} \\sim 10^4 - 10^6 \\, \\mathrm{M_{\\odot}}$) in the early Universe. To obtain an unequivocal detection of heavy seeds we need to probe mass scales of $\\sim 10^{5-6} \\, \\mathrm{M_{\\odot}}$ at redshift $z \\gtrsim 10$. From this theoretical perspective, we review the observational requirements and how they compare with planned/proposed instruments, in the infrared, X-ray and gravitational waves realms. In conclusion, detecting heavy black hole seeds at","authors_text":"Alexey Vikhlinin, Andrea Ferrara, Fabio Pacucci, Feryal Ozel, Grant R. Tremblay, Marta Volonteri, Megan C. Urry, Nico Cappelluti, Priyamvada Natarajan, Raffaella Schneider, Rosa Valiante, Vivienne Baldassare, Xiaohui Fan, Zoltan Haiman","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-18T18:00:01Z","title":"Detecting the Birth of Supermassive Black Holes Formed from Heavy Seeds"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.07623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e90371201313ca36f3b5ff6d7dfcd68c0d736e0a99adbcf38ecc82e09448d622","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"83746124ef3f1a4091fa9f36fc7a6e364b9004a0b9a11111cbfdbe45b7c56b90","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-18T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"0db1418d69931ca353330f1879ecdb95f469ffa8a7fc0ad1420d005a93024028"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.07623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b2b53b389fbebe34b8e1f3c2c521087f7acec5a5c4b1cc29693b90c26095ae04","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b2b53b389fbebe34b8e1f3c2c521087f7acec5a5c4b1cc29693b90c26095ae04","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54.586171Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54.586171Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7WIwD6n2C0g64uK8rKn/gTOlSYPd3bq71ATgNo+zWuEHdnMyMdkI9P4khF4iBZ7CgC1wxB5nPxGGDZ/S9/O0AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:54.586951Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.07623","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e90371201313ca36f3b5ff6d7dfcd68c0d736e0a99adbcf38ecc82e09448d622","sha256:043301dc5688029b09599daafb9d2798146b64d4ff48e5f8f086680fa2c6ce66"],"state_sha256":"d460a3c269ea7b58cf27207cf45cb254afc4d9dcbc68da52b8383491489a53b8"}