{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF","short_pith_number":"pith:WKKSFH4O","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b295229f8eecabeb0bddbcb816b04c1166c6d5cc3dde91d4f10c5a1f6261d933","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.03469","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Investigation of multiple-dynein transport of melanosomes by non-invasive force measurement using fluctuation unit $\\chi$","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Kazuho Ikeda, Kumiko Hayashi, Shin Hasegawa, Takashi Sagawa, Yasushi Okada","submitted_at":"2018-08-10T09:51:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pigment organelles known as melanosomes disperse or aggregate in a melanophore in response to hormones. These movements are mediated by the microtubule motors kinesin-2 and cytoplasmic dynein. However, the force generation mechanism of dynein, unlike that of kinesin, is not well understood. In this study, to address this issue, we investigated the dynein-mediated aggregation of melanosomes in zebrafish melanophores. We applied the fluctuation theorem of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to estimate forces acting on melanosomes during transport by dynein, given that the energy of a system i"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.03469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","submitted_at":"2018-08-10T09:51:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"1ff5b7b018228c082abcad75458e9b84ff7457aee51a48baeb3674e649d7ef1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"650c4166e7af7c0c3c1f616409f2f82281d4f697a7f1075e9bff31d0ed43a1ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850454Z","signature_b64":"7VOv0VBijP1TCF74whRgY/vqwvkEvkzFLsLW4aw9NfkHMQXphBl3uDliq7R/53Ww0azs07/QKAvbKaFvVrkqAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b295229f8eecabeb0bddbcb816b04c1166c6d5cc3dde91d4f10c5a1f6261d933","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.849992Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.849992Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Investigation of multiple-dynein transport of melanosomes by non-invasive force measurement using fluctuation unit $\\chi$","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Kazuho Ikeda, Kumiko Hayashi, Shin Hasegawa, Takashi Sagawa, Yasushi Okada","submitted_at":"2018-08-10T09:51:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pigment organelles known as melanosomes disperse or aggregate in a melanophore in response to hormones. These movements are mediated by the microtubule motors kinesin-2 and cytoplasmic dynein. However, the force generation mechanism of dynein, unlike that of kinesin, is not well understood. In this study, to address this issue, we investigated the dynein-mediated aggregation of melanosomes in zebrafish melanophores. We applied the fluctuation theorem of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to estimate forces acting on melanosomes during transport by dynein, given that the energy of a system i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.03469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.03469","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850073+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.03469v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850073+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.03469","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850073+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WKKSFH4O5SV6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59.047623+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59.047623+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WKKSFH4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:59.047623+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WKKSFH4O"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WKKSFH4O","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1808.03469&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/WKKSFH4O5SV6WC65XS4BNMCMCF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850073+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:50:12.850073+00:00"}