{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6","short_pith_number":"pith:WL2NFIKV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80b02cfb17bf27ea16087ab5cf824523ab470e8a54d2f919c89d641c156890b4","abstract_canon_sha256":"9680a4e69d2806ab15ac1f5929569e2c86f3934b454cc48d6a24ab007d15fb1c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b2f4d2a155f70d0354eccd4dd3503807a3898a2d8f7ff424e3837fbc163409b5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.13786","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.13786","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.13786v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.13786","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV64GQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV64GQGVHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80b02cfb17bf27ea16087ab5cf824523ab470e8a54d2f919c89d641c156890b4","abstract_canon_sha256":"9680a4e69d2806ab15ac1f5929569e2c86f3934b454cc48d6a24ab007d15fb1c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b2f4d2a155f70d0354eccd4dd3503807a3898a2d8f7ff424e3837fbc163409b5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124814Z","signature_b64":"bkfxyRsACqvFPGL4xLq/b2iNirn1gE+DLH9Yg+UwrM6+JnIxxBonipoVZe9UzRRMr8UldEAWs1vhGtEgW8QhAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b2f4d2a155f70d0354eccd4dd3503807a3898a2d8f7ff424e3837fbc163409b5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124296Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124296Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2504.13786","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XWBQ8MvgmQlajd0B156PkJa5iRTzm/7CeskhnAGdvLcFTrsqaVDOGLw1GEKUiHFzdh9stAb4fUmrlRPw7INOBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:54:11.117979Z"},"content_sha256":"77dfc279cc5cc941ec58df480696e0cef70bac6ffb111c62aef08ad902fc56d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:77dfc279cc5cc941ec58df480696e0cef70bac6ffb111c62aef08ad902fc56d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Relationship Between Robustness and Expressivity of Graph Neural Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Lorenz Kummer, Nils M. Kriege, Wilfried N. Gansterer","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the vulnerability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to bit-flip attacks (BFAs) by introducing an analytical framework to study the influence of architectural features, graph properties, and their interaction.\n  The expressivity of GNNs refers to their ability to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs and depends on the encoding of node neighborhoods. We examine the vulnerability of neural multiset functions commonly used for this purpose and establish formal criteria to characterize a GNN's susceptibility to losing expressivity due to BFAs. This enables an analysis of the impact of hom"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.13786/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZoACyKzahO2MVm24XsiOy5gcrBCRtLJ1XyxK04gI9Bp1OkZgPIdKnaXtZClxwWqsjiy7vthbf1VTcCFSyz2+Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:54:11.118674Z"},"content_sha256":"580443e9063a87871e3f6f5f8ee230c62c0127cf32f555da19ee1b41d10ba09f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:580443e9063a87871e3f6f5f8ee230c62c0127cf32f555da19ee1b41d10ba09f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T08:54:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:WL2NFIKV64GQGVHMZVG5GUBYA6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9680a4e69d2806ab15ac1f5929569e2c86f3934b454cc48d6a24ab007d15fb1c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"80b02cfb17bf27ea16087ab5cf824523ab470e8a54d2f919c89d641c156890b4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.13786","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.13786v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.13786","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV64GQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV64GQGVHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WL2NFIKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:580443e9063a87871e3f6f5f8ee230c62c0127cf32f555da19ee1b41d10ba09f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2504.13786/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the vulnerability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to bit-flip attacks (BFAs) by introducing an analytical framework to study the influence of architectural features, graph properties, and their interaction.\n  The expressivity of GNNs refers to their ability to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs and depends on the encoding of node neighborhoods. We examine the vulnerability of neural multiset functions commonly used for this purpose and establish formal criteria to characterize a GNN's susceptibility to losing expressivity due to BFAs. This enables an analysis of the impact of hom","authors_text":"Lorenz Kummer, Nils M. Kriege, Wilfried N. Gansterer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","title":"On the Relationship Between Robustness and Expressivity of Graph Neural Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:77dfc279cc5cc941ec58df480696e0cef70bac6ffb111c62aef08ad902fc56d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9680a4e69d2806ab15ac1f5929569e2c86f3934b454cc48d6a24ab007d15fb1c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T16:38:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"80b02cfb17bf27ea16087ab5cf824523ab470e8a54d2f919c89d641c156890b4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.13786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b2f4d2a155f70d0354eccd4dd3503807a3898a2d8f7ff424e3837fbc163409b5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b2f4d2a155f70d0354eccd4dd3503807a3898a2d8f7ff424e3837fbc163409b5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124296Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124296Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bkfxyRsACqvFPGL4xLq/b2iNirn1gE+DLH9Yg+UwrM6+JnIxxBonipoVZe9UzRRMr8UldEAWs1vhGtEgW8QhAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:51:02.124814Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2504.13786","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:77dfc279cc5cc941ec58df480696e0cef70bac6ffb111c62aef08ad902fc56d3","sha256:580443e9063a87871e3f6f5f8ee230c62c0127cf32f555da19ee1b41d10ba09f"],"state_sha256":"ab5edeed2bfface5712dd8b89c2635a661cc2ff2b870a3c41b9b89fc794ca106"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6rjrrvdLySsCyAc2AWu5ZTjYDg77OMN/IsoVPOrJSUy4cw6S9yd6O6S0hRDStLsQl8128AY3fJWzzDzV4izWBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T08:54:11.123267Z","bundle_sha256":"90b330a3cc9fc594410354b8ee3c0fdb6056a7c451a44b349b4d6759b3b6b14d"}}