{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5","short_pith_number":"pith:WL2RGO6X","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d1156102d6d50d34a1876dc6c9add0279dc3c97a122d5e10aff48bf8d163f40","abstract_canon_sha256":"89f68ab5c3e244353d3479bf7695f87714922d769497b86f572df8093be63920"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b2f5133bd70112286709473e397e6b7f7fcc32d5bae49d0e939bf10ec1fafb46","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.05541","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.05541","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.05541v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.05541","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WL2RGO6XAEJC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WL2RGO6X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d1156102d6d50d34a1876dc6c9add0279dc3c97a122d5e10aff48bf8d163f40","abstract_canon_sha256":"89f68ab5c3e244353d3479bf7695f87714922d769497b86f572df8093be63920"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b2f5133bd70112286709473e397e6b7f7fcc32d5bae49d0e939bf10ec1fafb46","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.933147Z","signature_b64":"8h7tmnUiFeL/QnnaUWJGEsLbB2WmzjBq1dSrTB4HQA7y79uXan8Tj3RgmEO1NeIrCNUXq1Jbd/O/lGhRb4nzBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b2f5133bd70112286709473e397e6b7f7fcc32d5bae49d0e939bf10ec1fafb46","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.932530Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.932530Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.05541","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/NsfFFCqyZay8PPfpH5sU+1Gg+sz8JAKjtHm4hLwej+zgF0bSnJK2g7oJ3cr0spXm/VNh1VF54H//CZsxZ7XBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T08:15:57.338482Z"},"content_sha256":"39f89bcd7698334a945d22ed616c1f2e8a6ab0ae3fc963a8c873ac54d1a705d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39f89bcd7698334a945d22ed616c1f2e8a6ab0ae3fc963a8c873ac54d1a705d7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Over-the-Air Implementation of Uplink NOMA","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Chau Yuen, Lei Liu, Samith Abeywickrama, Yuhao Chi","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Though the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was proposed several years ago, the performance of uplink NOMA has only been verified in theory, but not in practice. This paper presents an over-the-air implementation of a uplink NOMA system, while providing solutions to most common practical problems, i.e., carrier frequency offset (CFO) synchronization, time synchronization, and channel estimation. The implemented CFO synchronization method adopts the primary synchronization signal (PSS) of LTE. Also, we design a novel preamble for each uplink user, and it is appended to every fra"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L24P+YD7SwcB/H/vZXpUW9XnJjKa6Ig41hlWaPhAADgx0r1bZGMszY/XierPiAEOyPMaCW/f9mpGUidOB37pAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T08:15:57.338836Z"},"content_sha256":"1647e879f32336ec68306656c2bf3212dab226050f3d0840342084e2ec025964","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1647e879f32336ec68306656c2bf3212dab226050f3d0840342084e2ec025964"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T08:15:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJI47DS7TLP5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89f68ab5c3e244353d3479bf7695f87714922d769497b86f572df8093be63920","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d1156102d6d50d34a1876dc6c9add0279dc3c97a122d5e10aff48bf8d163f40"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.05541","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.05541v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.05541","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WL2RGO6XAEJC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WL2RGO6XAEJCQZYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WL2RGO6X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1647e879f32336ec68306656c2bf3212dab226050f3d0840342084e2ec025964","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Though the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was proposed several years ago, the performance of uplink NOMA has only been verified in theory, but not in practice. This paper presents an over-the-air implementation of a uplink NOMA system, while providing solutions to most common practical problems, i.e., carrier frequency offset (CFO) synchronization, time synchronization, and channel estimation. The implemented CFO synchronization method adopts the primary synchronization signal (PSS) of LTE. Also, we design a novel preamble for each uplink user, and it is appended to every fra","authors_text":"Chau Yuen, Lei Liu, Samith Abeywickrama, Yuhao Chi","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","title":"Over-the-Air Implementation of Uplink NOMA"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:39f89bcd7698334a945d22ed616c1f2e8a6ab0ae3fc963a8c873ac54d1a705d7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"89f68ab5c3e244353d3479bf7695f87714922d769497b86f572df8093be63920","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-01-17T04:12:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d1156102d6d50d34a1876dc6c9add0279dc3c97a122d5e10aff48bf8d163f40"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.05541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b2f5133bd70112286709473e397e6b7f7fcc32d5bae49d0e939bf10ec1fafb46","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b2f5133bd70112286709473e397e6b7f7fcc32d5bae49d0e939bf10ec1fafb46","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.932530Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.932530Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8h7tmnUiFeL/QnnaUWJGEsLbB2WmzjBq1dSrTB4HQA7y79uXan8Tj3RgmEO1NeIrCNUXq1Jbd/O/lGhRb4nzBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:25:40.933147Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.05541","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:39f89bcd7698334a945d22ed616c1f2e8a6ab0ae3fc963a8c873ac54d1a705d7","sha256:1647e879f32336ec68306656c2bf3212dab226050f3d0840342084e2ec025964"],"state_sha256":"32df9f964258a52ae3c824425783b84b969370b6fed10bb6437dc7ef119f26ce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K4pLhy9JCGSiWsR5uvpOzBloogsKCuv/9ETm0F5e0kzppCZodWXz5aWNxBV/AQRPvZPb/UoIQTKCV6XyRmdvCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T08:15:57.340921Z","bundle_sha256":"cf7b8a4e2311acfb68347f1b5f04b6055335fb908f03de9901a8be1f78895409"}}