{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK","short_pith_number":"pith:WQJGDTFL","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b41261ccab4a32b6432feffebc03470aa593615ce2358633bd33baa711c590a7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.21793","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of vaccine effectiveness and immune correlates in test-negative design studies with missing data","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.AP","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Lars van der Laan, Leah I. B. Andrews, Peter B. Gilbert","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T22:38:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"The test-negative design (TND) is a resource-efficient observational study design that can assess vaccine effectiveness and exposure-proximal immune correlates of disease. The TND enrolls symptomatic individuals seeking diagnostic testing and compares case status by an exposure variable, such as vaccination status or immune marker level, that is measured at testing. While the TND reduces confounding by healthcare-seeking behavior, other sources of confounding may remain. TND studies may also have missing data in the exposure variable due to incomplete records or two-phase sampling designs. We "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.21793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T22:38:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.AP","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"0eb95b50d0ce282192f630c9e755d86b173988e6cff87c551ec88764b168e2fa","abstract_canon_sha256":"2414c3530c662301d1f0fad23628600c572d3fce151c90a2d01f1c1fad3a9f87"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692885Z","signature_b64":"Ps1tzLw5Xa8cyH/VDm0Xg7Z+WhYwFPq2DOMjI9v5ToON/c4f1WfCFYEhVsY/da46EWnhDnBGLvWZqp0KDntFCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b41261ccab4a32b6432feffebc03470aa593615ce2358633bd33baa711c590a7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692428Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692428Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of vaccine effectiveness and immune correlates in test-negative design studies with missing data","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.AP","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Lars van der Laan, Leah I. B. Andrews, Peter B. Gilbert","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T22:38:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"The test-negative design (TND) is a resource-efficient observational study design that can assess vaccine effectiveness and exposure-proximal immune correlates of disease. The TND enrolls symptomatic individuals seeking diagnostic testing and compares case status by an exposure variable, such as vaccination status or immune marker level, that is measured at testing. While the TND reduces confounding by healthcare-seeking behavior, other sources of confounding may remain. TND studies may also have missing data in the exposure variable due to incomplete records or two-phase sampling designs. We "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.21793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.21793/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.21793","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.21793v1","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.21793","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WQJGDTFLJIZL","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WQJGDTFL","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WQJGDTFL"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WQJGDTFL","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.21793&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/WQJGDTFLJIZLMQZP577LYA2HBK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-22T01:03:32.692493+00:00"}