{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3","short_pith_number":"pith:WQZSLSF6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c78826051e7446638eb60cd3a75410a53468f3a64fbf15fc6cc84a9db690750","abstract_canon_sha256":"aff922d92c8fc973283500ed5ee03eee61c21f4a74f27c2f82d5ed9833f9117a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b43325c8be9c80600ce37d92873c61aeeb14a417fe25d864fde2ec8653ac202d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.10215","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.10215","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.10215v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.10215","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6TSAG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6TSAGADHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c78826051e7446638eb60cd3a75410a53468f3a64fbf15fc6cc84a9db690750","abstract_canon_sha256":"aff922d92c8fc973283500ed5ee03eee61c21f4a74f27c2f82d5ed9833f9117a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b43325c8be9c80600ce37d92873c61aeeb14a417fe25d864fde2ec8653ac202d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789558Z","signature_b64":"9uECA5V7iODCLSgiW0R735trea3oe/JIQvlbckYV520xIRbhqQdD/Ms+Iwzl7emn8qg3+xH2XnNusGFjM6hODg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b43325c8be9c80600ce37d92873c61aeeb14a417fe25d864fde2ec8653ac202d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789154Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789154Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.10215","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J25VS9FCZcXqBQkMSCWZ05Ua+RlLvu4UvQ5zx6Ga2QWlRlrDk5oar0x69ovRKTEylzdQ/D+OyNJ7MQNvuSl/Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:01:46.280776Z"},"content_sha256":"2fb72e0eb515530ecbffc868bd3ac3004c093d498fdff7371819379cee376b1b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2fb72e0eb515530ecbffc868bd3ac3004c093d498fdff7371819379cee376b1b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the General Value of Evidence, and Bilingual Scene-Text Visual Question Answering","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Anton van den Hengel, Canjie Luo, Chee Seng Chan, Chun Chet Ng, Chunhua Shen, Liangwei Wang, Lianwen Jin, Xinyu Wang, Yuliang Liu","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Visual Question Answering (VQA) methods have made incredible progress, but suffer from a failure to generalize. This is visible in the fact that they are vulnerable to learning coincidental correlations in the data rather than deeper relations between image content and ideas expressed in language. We present a dataset that takes a step towards addressing this problem in that it contains questions expressed in two languages, and an evaluation process that co-opts a well understood image-based metric to reflect the method's ability to reason. Measuring reasoning directly encourages generalizatio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.10215/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RwUa7Cekpn3GxWX5ebjlfu9PMEZwxMgJ5MTnQBx3cxEmfzHyfY2R9vPfzI08dkSIBy53ooaCGghPZ1a8f14jBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:01:46.281379Z"},"content_sha256":"2e53ab97b8140a1b55456840273d98dc423181dffe24f9a465463bcee8345429","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2e53ab97b8140a1b55456840273d98dc423181dffe24f9a465463bcee8345429"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T05:01:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WQZSLSF6TSAGADHDPWJIOPDBV3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aff922d92c8fc973283500ed5ee03eee61c21f4a74f27c2f82d5ed9833f9117a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c78826051e7446638eb60cd3a75410a53468f3a64fbf15fc6cc84a9db690750"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.10215","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.10215v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.10215","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6TSAG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6TSAGADHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WQZSLSF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2e53ab97b8140a1b55456840273d98dc423181dffe24f9a465463bcee8345429","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.10215/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Visual Question Answering (VQA) methods have made incredible progress, but suffer from a failure to generalize. This is visible in the fact that they are vulnerable to learning coincidental correlations in the data rather than deeper relations between image content and ideas expressed in language. We present a dataset that takes a step towards addressing this problem in that it contains questions expressed in two languages, and an evaluation process that co-opts a well understood image-based metric to reflect the method's ability to reason. Measuring reasoning directly encourages generalizatio","authors_text":"Anton van den Hengel, Canjie Luo, Chee Seng Chan, Chun Chet Ng, Chunhua Shen, Liangwei Wang, Lianwen Jin, Xinyu Wang, Yuliang Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","title":"On the General Value of Evidence, and Bilingual Scene-Text Visual Question Answering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2fb72e0eb515530ecbffc868bd3ac3004c093d498fdff7371819379cee376b1b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aff922d92c8fc973283500ed5ee03eee61c21f4a74f27c2f82d5ed9833f9117a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2020-02-24T13:02:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c78826051e7446638eb60cd3a75410a53468f3a64fbf15fc6cc84a9db690750"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.10215","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b43325c8be9c80600ce37d92873c61aeeb14a417fe25d864fde2ec8653ac202d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b43325c8be9c80600ce37d92873c61aeeb14a417fe25d864fde2ec8653ac202d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789154Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789154Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9uECA5V7iODCLSgiW0R735trea3oe/JIQvlbckYV520xIRbhqQdD/Ms+Iwzl7emn8qg3+xH2XnNusGFjM6hODg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:58.789558Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.10215","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2fb72e0eb515530ecbffc868bd3ac3004c093d498fdff7371819379cee376b1b","sha256:2e53ab97b8140a1b55456840273d98dc423181dffe24f9a465463bcee8345429"],"state_sha256":"187051175e3fead41c99732db37a2f478fd4ae6135342375e498647b5428ee27"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dk4476OeLnvBvCOzBMLNvDU/CyQ4rZs8e+7mRmfrR93bmpQ8AEuIREbM6d2aMDYB5wSito4ejeovwJcev5kGBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T05:01:46.284163Z","bundle_sha256":"9ac5e6513796cff2e49296617fb1c9b961f9f8915b68be5a9a6b4ab00027782e"}}