{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF","short_pith_number":"pith:WR5I4ZNC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"39d8d2144b72859b4e5bcce7c34ccf771a7019e3e8560093c0e37ddf0d224c4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"53d9fe0726ccdd3e33604a2eac66b8d44ce69a14874823eb1dffd16c8c1907aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b47a8e65a2f74164dbe243834c5449317ee1c606b513d1f9b5abeb4f003953ae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.15854","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.15854","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.15854v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.15854","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC65AW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7C","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"39d8d2144b72859b4e5bcce7c34ccf771a7019e3e8560093c0e37ddf0d224c4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"53d9fe0726ccdd3e33604a2eac66b8d44ce69a14874823eb1dffd16c8c1907aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b47a8e65a2f74164dbe243834c5449317ee1c606b513d1f9b5abeb4f003953ae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.139048Z","signature_b64":"J4s3YzWNlNI49slLaefOxS7TYCWPz91N4G8Q1Pz7fmbASgJsWEytdQ0MqSsTWV5rimO91x8UIWh4e5FuIBeLDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b47a8e65a2f74164dbe243834c5449317ee1c606b513d1f9b5abeb4f003953ae","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.138449Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.138449Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2504.15854","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tt2hDD0YhJk7VSbnW/yg+j4js7+6EMLJZsCOpuJNCEILHRuzu66osNihiUmbMXuldxH+3HUHcEk8+GHAMYQWAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T16:38:08.127542Z"},"content_sha256":"5eed975d963ede3025d375426ff9f3a6e6eaf1a28bcc5b6bf2b02d1e5ebf7a48","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5eed975d963ede3025d375426ff9f3a6e6eaf1a28bcc5b6bf2b02d1e5ebf7a48"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Consistent Causal Inference of Group Effects in Non-Targeted Trials with Finitely Many Effect Levels","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Georgios Mavroudeas, Jason Kuruzovich, Kristin P. Bennett, Malik Magdon-Ismail","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"A treatment may be appropriate for some group (the ``sick\" group) on whom it has a positive effect, but it can also have a detrimental effect on subjects from another group (the ``healthy\" group). In a non-targeted trial both sick and healthy subjects may be treated, producing heterogeneous effects within the treated group. Inferring the correct treatment effect on the sick population is then difficult, because the effects on the different groups get tangled. We propose an efficient nonparametric approach to estimating the group effects, called {\\bf PCM} (pre-cluster and merge). We prove its a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.15854/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z0aoLiC94ULVXd0bNXh+4LLx0dQh49WLgZH3D3B966QwiWF57tEWcLhTF5OixO9eWSeUHZE0DOQGl29CkRL5CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T16:38:08.128582Z"},"content_sha256":"bbece84a48c35f6aef3aaecba3e58e47a4ef404708fa31def467628691a0b8ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bbece84a48c35f6aef3aaecba3e58e47a4ef404708fa31def467628691a0b8ed"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T16:38:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7CIOBUYVCJGF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53d9fe0726ccdd3e33604a2eac66b8d44ce69a14874823eb1dffd16c8c1907aa","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"39d8d2144b72859b4e5bcce7c34ccf771a7019e3e8560093c0e37ddf0d224c4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.15854","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.15854v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.15854","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC65AW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC65AWJW7C","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WR5I4ZNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bbece84a48c35f6aef3aaecba3e58e47a4ef404708fa31def467628691a0b8ed","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2504.15854/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A treatment may be appropriate for some group (the ``sick\" group) on whom it has a positive effect, but it can also have a detrimental effect on subjects from another group (the ``healthy\" group). In a non-targeted trial both sick and healthy subjects may be treated, producing heterogeneous effects within the treated group. Inferring the correct treatment effect on the sick population is then difficult, because the effects on the different groups get tangled. We propose an efficient nonparametric approach to estimating the group effects, called {\\bf PCM} (pre-cluster and merge). We prove its a","authors_text":"Georgios Mavroudeas, Jason Kuruzovich, Kristin P. Bennett, Malik Magdon-Ismail","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","title":"Consistent Causal Inference of Group Effects in Non-Targeted Trials with Finitely Many Effect Levels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5eed975d963ede3025d375426ff9f3a6e6eaf1a28bcc5b6bf2b02d1e5ebf7a48","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53d9fe0726ccdd3e33604a2eac66b8d44ce69a14874823eb1dffd16c8c1907aa","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T12:51:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"39d8d2144b72859b4e5bcce7c34ccf771a7019e3e8560093c0e37ddf0d224c4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.15854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b47a8e65a2f74164dbe243834c5449317ee1c606b513d1f9b5abeb4f003953ae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b47a8e65a2f74164dbe243834c5449317ee1c606b513d1f9b5abeb4f003953ae","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.138449Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.138449Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"J4s3YzWNlNI49slLaefOxS7TYCWPz91N4G8Q1Pz7fmbASgJsWEytdQ0MqSsTWV5rimO91x8UIWh4e5FuIBeLDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:31.139048Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2504.15854","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5eed975d963ede3025d375426ff9f3a6e6eaf1a28bcc5b6bf2b02d1e5ebf7a48","sha256:bbece84a48c35f6aef3aaecba3e58e47a4ef404708fa31def467628691a0b8ed"],"state_sha256":"70bbc50eba7d649afc4a721406ee38a38176a0bc8bca3de3557119b5a2f2da6e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G/fefUp4AbH8vV7ypuk9dy0fYX+iaapKtDUpxPE5UeEf3cQlg2TdpYGOYHH8LeXGR+bdzTVrW/Z6eQEfSI5lCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T16:38:08.135787Z","bundle_sha256":"bbe298da71cb7abb87ab53c233f062c1abd1840da63eb532f015202a05d4a031"}}