{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM","short_pith_number":"pith:WS4OQMFS","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b4b8e830b259d86ecde6c66869bd2a9b11117e85ff9029a10a4f70612c787b3e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.02109","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Modelling and Simulating the Noisy Behaviour of Near-term Quantum Computers","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Clive Emary, Konstantinos Georgopoulos, Paolo Zuliani","submitted_at":"2021-01-06T16:04:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Noise dominates every aspect of near-term quantum computers, rendering it exceedingly difficult to carry out even small computations. In this paper we are concerned with the modelling of noise in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. We focus on three error groups that represent the main sources of noise during a computation and present quantum channels that model each source. We engineer a noise model that combines all three noise channels and simulates the evolution of the quantum computer using its calibrated error rates. We run various experiments of our model, showcasing its "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-06T16:04:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1b9e34de29907461b3553f55bd4dcff84194003c2697c110665fcc852f860670","abstract_canon_sha256":"a74bae04425bb397e9c19386deaf3b336775710a3be26206b0bb0bf8153bcf94"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154898Z","signature_b64":"raqx3hwaq8/k0YbfjR+nxTKLbIF2h/NyDg8AZbVCfOnAeRRyVpl5a6QVM9DHzNGE7sBm0GhluKhjZoPEwHOIAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b4b8e830b259d86ecde6c66869bd2a9b11117e85ff9029a10a4f70612c787b3e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154229Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154229Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Modelling and Simulating the Noisy Behaviour of Near-term Quantum Computers","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Clive Emary, Konstantinos Georgopoulos, Paolo Zuliani","submitted_at":"2021-01-06T16:04:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Noise dominates every aspect of near-term quantum computers, rendering it exceedingly difficult to carry out even small computations. In this paper we are concerned with the modelling of noise in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. We focus on three error groups that represent the main sources of noise during a computation and present quantum channels that model each source. We engineer a noise model that combines all three noise channels and simulates the evolution of the quantum computer using its calibrated error rates. We run various experiments of our model, showcasing its "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.02109","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.02109/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.02109v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.02109","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WS4OQMFSLHMG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WS4OQMFS","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2512.09189","citing_title":"Exact and Efficient Stabilizer Simulation of Thermal-Relaxation Noise for Quantum Error Correction","ref_index":33,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM","json":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WS4OQMFS"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WS4OQMFS","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2101.02109&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/WS4OQMFSLHMG5TPGYZUGTPJKTM/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T03:41:38.154337+00:00"}