{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC","short_pith_number":"pith:WSCAMYAL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5edf3a9d2e0bfa6c1ab4e1c92ef20aa66936799a23405bbbeaa8e5ddf1e8dfca","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2d131e90c4e79b2be5b2590c8616c1d60e682d61bceb8f48329a87b4f867f14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b48406600bb79d5a08a1702d63ce2040904ce56b587009011e1d3a2a6bed6646","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.21539","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.21539","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.21539v1","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.21539","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WSCAMYALW6OV","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WSCAMYALW6OVUCFB","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WSCAMYAL","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5edf3a9d2e0bfa6c1ab4e1c92ef20aa66936799a23405bbbeaa8e5ddf1e8dfca","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2d131e90c4e79b2be5b2590c8616c1d60e682d61bceb8f48329a87b4f867f14"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b48406600bb79d5a08a1702d63ce2040904ce56b587009011e1d3a2a6bed6646","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952461Z","signature_b64":"/p7+fLmuDZjgMMCaTuMbCxCqlUYnZaI8mX73eThd0ZwTtfmwhDB7h6UpWnGt0PxY+nTYYSarFUXXMIaFujlTBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b48406600bb79d5a08a1702d63ce2040904ce56b587009011e1d3a2a6bed6646","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952032Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952032Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.21539","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vLqWvP4gK52FanD4SUitZHhp/sXxiI0VLs1+Y4NN4iQh7rY+9IMTc9JpN/zo327aLdb9DqEsqSiYTKEqsTtrCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T01:13:18.230479Z"},"content_sha256":"44fb11d7c0ca9427e075a3387c1e14a4ac0dd248fe5e32a658272b20ccc94aad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:44fb11d7c0ca9427e075a3387c1e14a4ac0dd248fe5e32a658272b20ccc94aad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DualOptim+: Bridging Shared and Decoupled Optimizer States for Better Machine Unlearning in Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chen Liu, Qizhang Li, Xuyang Zhong, Yiwen Guo","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose DualOptim+, a novel optimization framework for improving machine unlearning in large language models. It introduces a base state to capture common representations shared by forgetting and retaining objectives and delta states to preserve objective-specific residuals. This architecture allows the optimizer to adaptively bridge shared and decoupled states based on the directional conflict between forgetting and retaining gradients. We further introduce DualOptim+ 8bit, a quantized variant that reduces memory overhead without compromising performance. Extensive experiments across ficti"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.21539/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JCuNYSHpSEnWqgzKcBOLkgO236BgkS8qMPUOI41U82bAqWbgXi7bhyZRER0Rv+M4kgeUBAuQGQzU6unWz4GRAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T01:13:18.231192Z"},"content_sha256":"76daa6cd3fb9bbeb0b3ebe40c9f66b1f789ffd1e8a4a87c11efcb77de2c40934","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76daa6cd3fb9bbeb0b3ebe40c9f66b1f789ffd1e8a4a87c11efcb77de2c40934"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T01:13:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:WSCAMYALW6OVUCFBOAWWHTRAIC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2d131e90c4e79b2be5b2590c8616c1d60e682d61bceb8f48329a87b4f867f14","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"5edf3a9d2e0bfa6c1ab4e1c92ef20aa66936799a23405bbbeaa8e5ddf1e8dfca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.21539","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.21539v1","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.21539","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WSCAMYALW6OV","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WSCAMYALW6OVUCFB","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WSCAMYAL","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:76daa6cd3fb9bbeb0b3ebe40c9f66b1f789ffd1e8a4a87c11efcb77de2c40934","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.21539/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose DualOptim+, a novel optimization framework for improving machine unlearning in large language models. It introduces a base state to capture common representations shared by forgetting and retaining objectives and delta states to preserve objective-specific residuals. This architecture allows the optimizer to adaptively bridge shared and decoupled states based on the directional conflict between forgetting and retaining gradients. We further introduce DualOptim+ 8bit, a quantized variant that reduces memory overhead without compromising performance. Extensive experiments across ficti","authors_text":"Chen Liu, Qizhang Li, Xuyang Zhong, Yiwen Guo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","title":"DualOptim+: Bridging Shared and Decoupled Optimizer States for Better Machine Unlearning in Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:44fb11d7c0ca9427e075a3387c1e14a4ac0dd248fe5e32a658272b20ccc94aad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2d131e90c4e79b2be5b2590c8616c1d60e682d61bceb8f48329a87b4f867f14","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T07:45:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"5edf3a9d2e0bfa6c1ab4e1c92ef20aa66936799a23405bbbeaa8e5ddf1e8dfca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.21539","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b48406600bb79d5a08a1702d63ce2040904ce56b587009011e1d3a2a6bed6646","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b48406600bb79d5a08a1702d63ce2040904ce56b587009011e1d3a2a6bed6646","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952032Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952032Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/p7+fLmuDZjgMMCaTuMbCxCqlUYnZaI8mX73eThd0ZwTtfmwhDB7h6UpWnGt0PxY+nTYYSarFUXXMIaFujlTBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-22T00:02:27.952461Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.21539","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:44fb11d7c0ca9427e075a3387c1e14a4ac0dd248fe5e32a658272b20ccc94aad","sha256:76daa6cd3fb9bbeb0b3ebe40c9f66b1f789ffd1e8a4a87c11efcb77de2c40934"],"state_sha256":"49ece837b038eba6d387f4bff0e7ade2f92084c67f480520105dda7a9ea02246"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4oyiDtrivSCCOQvUlaf7WAdZvVy+tRO5hEvCwpjLx45ebHx6NSELIO4dUCEHMzxOi+YMkieCa1xlr/sfb6LlAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T01:13:18.234436Z","bundle_sha256":"f53c1db0000a3a5c8a7781cdb13e1fe9a0bf967273b7fe7fe18ca97f1e64663f"}}