{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN","short_pith_number":"pith:WSE2OFNG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c7cae585213cf053026bab206da0dd21d4c09da71627e89ed8dcb84d21b31df","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac5ada0a00470f48414350f53db1472f5c729c5dcc747eb3f1a413a4832a245c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b489a715a62725b4f85fce82a35a039b4edaac1a86b2dd606c61a4dc29604bc2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.03206","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.03206","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.03206v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.03206","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WSE2OFNGE4S3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WSE2OFNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"2c7cae585213cf053026bab206da0dd21d4c09da71627e89ed8dcb84d21b31df","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac5ada0a00470f48414350f53db1472f5c729c5dcc747eb3f1a413a4832a245c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b489a715a62725b4f85fce82a35a039b4edaac1a86b2dd606c61a4dc29604bc2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907792Z","signature_b64":"gbeG9MVVojCSmTOzvVxZuiCVRsnZCYqDsQWql2924fvrSPXf676OKe3vf7mQjUJL3dLf0CnxRlg7/VpQhyhDBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b489a715a62725b4f85fce82a35a039b4edaac1a86b2dd606c61a4dc29604bc2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907080Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.03206","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ASaG1SxRfA1PSNQsWpJGbQsjhGC2X6/buX/ZmYFUZTbbyN0qvxOZQjaP4RKClHaO9QQ9QuUM+Vcg41kSiq8aAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:14:15.365872Z"},"content_sha256":"6fba4028550b2db750b274dca45a8ee61afeae51a2298cdd47ed2a701a70a513","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6fba4028550b2db750b274dca45a8ee61afeae51a2298cdd47ed2a701a70a513"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterizing Structural Regularities of Labeled Data in Overparameterized Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chiyuan Zhang, Kunal Talwar, Michael C. Mozer, Ziheng Jiang","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Humans are accustomed to environments that contain both regularities and exceptions. For example, at most gas stations, one pays prior to pumping, but the occasional rural station does not accept payment in advance. Likewise, deep neural networks can generalize across instances that share common patterns or structures, yet have the capacity to memorize rare or irregular forms. We analyze how individual instances are treated by a model via a consistency score. The score characterizes the expected accuracy for a held-out instance given training sets of varying size sampled from the data distribu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.03206/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IUYhRpuap5A1EmEZfrJRSowTeNGapV+VnrK9nbeB+uiQGWzEZVtSClfgQSewCk3YzcvE1uCRaxIughUjZgmzDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:14:15.366447Z"},"content_sha256":"b5361f942930ace58e4010a5fd1fa504b707056e121cf2409c8f0f19331aaba3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5361f942930ace58e4010a5fd1fa504b707056e121cf2409c8f0f19331aaba3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T16:14:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7Z2BKGWQDTN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac5ada0a00470f48414350f53db1472f5c729c5dcc747eb3f1a413a4832a245c","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c7cae585213cf053026bab206da0dd21d4c09da71627e89ed8dcb84d21b31df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.03206","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.03206v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.03206","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WSE2OFNGE4S3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WSE2OFNGE4S3J6C7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WSE2OFNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b5361f942930ace58e4010a5fd1fa504b707056e121cf2409c8f0f19331aaba3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.03206/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Humans are accustomed to environments that contain both regularities and exceptions. For example, at most gas stations, one pays prior to pumping, but the occasional rural station does not accept payment in advance. Likewise, deep neural networks can generalize across instances that share common patterns or structures, yet have the capacity to memorize rare or irregular forms. We analyze how individual instances are treated by a model via a consistency score. The score characterizes the expected accuracy for a held-out instance given training sets of varying size sampled from the data distribu","authors_text":"Chiyuan Zhang, Kunal Talwar, Michael C. Mozer, Ziheng Jiang","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","title":"Characterizing Structural Regularities of Labeled Data in Overparameterized Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6fba4028550b2db750b274dca45a8ee61afeae51a2298cdd47ed2a701a70a513","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac5ada0a00470f48414350f53db1472f5c729c5dcc747eb3f1a413a4832a245c","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-02-08T17:39:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c7cae585213cf053026bab206da0dd21d4c09da71627e89ed8dcb84d21b31df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.03206","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"b489a715a62725b4f85fce82a35a039b4edaac1a86b2dd606c61a4dc29604bc2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b489a715a62725b4f85fce82a35a039b4edaac1a86b2dd606c61a4dc29604bc2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907080Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gbeG9MVVojCSmTOzvVxZuiCVRsnZCYqDsQWql2924fvrSPXf676OKe3vf7mQjUJL3dLf0CnxRlg7/VpQhyhDBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:09.907792Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.03206","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6fba4028550b2db750b274dca45a8ee61afeae51a2298cdd47ed2a701a70a513","sha256:b5361f942930ace58e4010a5fd1fa504b707056e121cf2409c8f0f19331aaba3"],"state_sha256":"00c707139a5c9c71c0c72817a4495707bcc20620fd94fc563f5b9b6596dbbb00"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jXA86jfssjQrzHxXdQyRWYdquMHpgAaZ8IqS8bzCIg9Dje7/nxaeGpFNmiMfztz7CJkLWtkUAf/2DHZIKclBAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T16:14:15.370068Z","bundle_sha256":"bc7d4497f3c6902123514cfabb8b545d6e554460a64f01cb0c19e52dc231279a"}}