{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS","short_pith_number":"pith:WTJ6PAXF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"3724e52f82ddabd5950bcd223e37be6fc83329bb94ea40ef125a687612995ccf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d199e71f63bf3714548c60700087984dd65fa2a9eee28f64834b00a2f914f927"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b4d3e782e518b11a44e66923952994549ba84db6f8c8c3856181c0102a670641","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.03246","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.03246","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.03246v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.03246","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXFDCYR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHG","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"3724e52f82ddabd5950bcd223e37be6fc83329bb94ea40ef125a687612995ccf","abstract_canon_sha256":"d199e71f63bf3714548c60700087984dd65fa2a9eee28f64834b00a2f914f927"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b4d3e782e518b11a44e66923952994549ba84db6f8c8c3856181c0102a670641","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.731027Z","signature_b64":"b5VbsKH0eIdE4DYyVu/u1kX9gwIBbFm1I38YPumdffwyH7uU2CaP7puwdkwLQ7phu9hr9D0k/pbMkJ0DNwzpCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b4d3e782e518b11a44e66923952994549ba84db6f8c8c3856181c0102a670641","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.730551Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.730551Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.03246","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Knpt5Q9VyoKTn6P93GffA+URlTYT0/BypZKsD17m1ajAmtAtUd9zGl5ugSP4s3yzRDPwfPRTXPDLTa+59Te7Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T19:41:28.709253Z"},"content_sha256":"5323bc9357e748a5e6803af6e8cb737a818ae97962dcffcded5ac857b45950b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5323bc9357e748a5e6803af6e8cb737a818ae97962dcffcded5ac857b45950b0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Joint CMB and BBN Constraints on Light Dark Sectors with Dark Radiation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Cara Giovanetti, Hongwan Liu, Joshua T. Ruderman, Mariangela Lisanti","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dark sectors provide a compelling theoretical framework for thermally producing sub-GeV dark matter, and motivate an expansive new accelerator and direct-detection experimental program. We demonstrate the power of constraining such dark sectors using the measured effective number of neutrino species, $N_\\text{eff}$, from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and primordial elemental abundances from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). As a concrete example, we consider a dark matter particle of arbitrary spin that interacts with the Standard Model via a massive dark photon, accounting for an arbitr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.03246/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rloh6XCav9jR3P1oUzPVoykMbIj3OlQXBHSd0JawNkto4TLKQz1R2KK/kC4t0bbZ50XMvK5wmOwyLOX4pB14DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T19:41:28.710389Z"},"content_sha256":"ed552f1e2b9b2bef8f7bb3d6018dc8490afbd6fca48efde18634f1f2a2766f3e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ed552f1e2b9b2bef8f7bb3d6018dc8490afbd6fca48efde18634f1f2a2766f3e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T19:41:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHGNERZKKMUKS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d199e71f63bf3714548c60700087984dd65fa2a9eee28f64834b00a2f914f927","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"3724e52f82ddabd5950bcd223e37be6fc83329bb94ea40ef125a687612995ccf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.03246","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.03246v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.03246","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXFDCYR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXFDCYRURHG","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WTJ6PAXF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ed552f1e2b9b2bef8f7bb3d6018dc8490afbd6fca48efde18634f1f2a2766f3e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.03246/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dark sectors provide a compelling theoretical framework for thermally producing sub-GeV dark matter, and motivate an expansive new accelerator and direct-detection experimental program. We demonstrate the power of constraining such dark sectors using the measured effective number of neutrino species, $N_\\text{eff}$, from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and primordial elemental abundances from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). As a concrete example, we consider a dark matter particle of arbitrary spin that interacts with the Standard Model via a massive dark photon, accounting for an arbitr","authors_text":"Cara Giovanetti, Hongwan Liu, Joshua T. Ruderman, Mariangela Lisanti","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","title":"Joint CMB and BBN Constraints on Light Dark Sectors with Dark Radiation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5323bc9357e748a5e6803af6e8cb737a818ae97962dcffcded5ac857b45950b0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d199e71f63bf3714548c60700087984dd65fa2a9eee28f64834b00a2f914f927","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2021-09-07T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"3724e52f82ddabd5950bcd223e37be6fc83329bb94ea40ef125a687612995ccf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.03246","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b4d3e782e518b11a44e66923952994549ba84db6f8c8c3856181c0102a670641","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b4d3e782e518b11a44e66923952994549ba84db6f8c8c3856181c0102a670641","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.730551Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.730551Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"b5VbsKH0eIdE4DYyVu/u1kX9gwIBbFm1I38YPumdffwyH7uU2CaP7puwdkwLQ7phu9hr9D0k/pbMkJ0DNwzpCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:49.731027Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.03246","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5323bc9357e748a5e6803af6e8cb737a818ae97962dcffcded5ac857b45950b0","sha256:ed552f1e2b9b2bef8f7bb3d6018dc8490afbd6fca48efde18634f1f2a2766f3e"],"state_sha256":"1d408ec8f159a4c73e062acb2098e274e6205349fb83c417b8135595bd47aa9c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JJ6Mv+DMrmmwSlEVBgnmrs2M82kfKBW39bjuaBCnARKvJ0SOgy/ZDDaIxV9hudChEGpgTGjDFB82j3GFCwx9Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T19:41:28.714954Z","bundle_sha256":"573072d9135ca0fffd6da2e707d94224badf9ad5e267f1e7b1b92afd1fd98fa3"}}