{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6","short_pith_number":"pith:WU3XJCXH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"223358854aa33947aed11964d286a7cc0ad56f70435a2abaf8eb30266ef437ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"856829c0e675e585cf45f383eb5d873c91f4a20bd7201b26936f82b18223e504"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b537748ae7b1624e666e5e6993825a478f9a333f44f76d58c86036591d6096f5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.01002","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.01002","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.01002v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.01002","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU3XJCXHWFRE","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTO","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU3XJCXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"223358854aa33947aed11964d286a7cc0ad56f70435a2abaf8eb30266ef437ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"856829c0e675e585cf45f383eb5d873c91f4a20bd7201b26936f82b18223e504"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b537748ae7b1624e666e5e6993825a478f9a333f44f76d58c86036591d6096f5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756728Z","signature_b64":"2sMYdYTu5nZ3h/FNqXNZNjvp2w021TyQiTNfCJ3EgW03V3cYILTJuDJfu0O3QyriZZ1K3xsBWtnQa7gTIYTeDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b537748ae7b1624e666e5e6993825a478f9a333f44f76d58c86036591d6096f5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756192Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.01002","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4YM18vvf+4eivX6YnOSYdZyF6lFLkUufur/yO0tgdnKuGxXFe+0tYdP0LHUWLMLDk2Ff1IFvn00gDH7vUrJ8AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:50:35.092181Z"},"content_sha256":"10eeb3a4c1acebeaa3d0942a1b93be0666122ec51aeb9014e71899d7d09e3a25","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:10eeb3a4c1acebeaa3d0942a1b93be0666122ec51aeb9014e71899d7d09e3a25"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Attribute Structuring Improves LLM-Based Evaluation of Clinical Text Summaries","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chandan Singh, Hoifung Poon, Jianfeng Gao, Paul Vozila, Praveen Subramanian, Sheng Zhang, Tristan Naumann, Yiqing Xie, Zelalem Gero","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Summarizing clinical text is crucial in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to generate accurate clinical text summaries, but still struggle with issues regarding grounding and evaluation, especially in safety-critical domains such as health. Holistically evaluating text summaries is challenging because they may contain unsubstantiated information. Here, we explore a general mitigation framework using Attribute Structuring (AS), which structures the summary evaluation process. It decomposes the evaluation process into a grounded "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.01002/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TbZPFLHHOtWvNDvfoqnf3QWcfV70eMykpgJ/I4qqH1+5Uu9EgtLCEXf0NRVvBCTHwjZB+WFgvdop8beYAF4pCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:50:35.092704Z"},"content_sha256":"c1eb825c24b68db9b7f7da578bf74746763951f2928ca377805622335c7a017d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c1eb825c24b68db9b7f7da578bf74746763951f2928ca377805622335c7a017d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T08:50:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTOLZUZHAS2I6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"856829c0e675e585cf45f383eb5d873c91f4a20bd7201b26936f82b18223e504","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"223358854aa33947aed11964d286a7cc0ad56f70435a2abaf8eb30266ef437ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.01002","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.01002v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.01002","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU3XJCXHWFRE","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU3XJCXHWFRE4ZTO","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU3XJCXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c1eb825c24b68db9b7f7da578bf74746763951f2928ca377805622335c7a017d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.01002/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Summarizing clinical text is crucial in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to generate accurate clinical text summaries, but still struggle with issues regarding grounding and evaluation, especially in safety-critical domains such as health. Holistically evaluating text summaries is challenging because they may contain unsubstantiated information. Here, we explore a general mitigation framework using Attribute Structuring (AS), which structures the summary evaluation process. It decomposes the evaluation process into a grounded ","authors_text":"Chandan Singh, Hoifung Poon, Jianfeng Gao, Paul Vozila, Praveen Subramanian, Sheng Zhang, Tristan Naumann, Yiqing Xie, Zelalem Gero","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","title":"Attribute Structuring Improves LLM-Based Evaluation of Clinical Text Summaries"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:10eeb3a4c1acebeaa3d0942a1b93be0666122ec51aeb9014e71899d7d09e3a25","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"856829c0e675e585cf45f383eb5d873c91f4a20bd7201b26936f82b18223e504","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-01T21:59:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"223358854aa33947aed11964d286a7cc0ad56f70435a2abaf8eb30266ef437ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.01002","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b537748ae7b1624e666e5e6993825a478f9a333f44f76d58c86036591d6096f5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b537748ae7b1624e666e5e6993825a478f9a333f44f76d58c86036591d6096f5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756192Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2sMYdYTu5nZ3h/FNqXNZNjvp2w021TyQiTNfCJ3EgW03V3cYILTJuDJfu0O3QyriZZ1K3xsBWtnQa7gTIYTeDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:49:02.756728Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.01002","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:10eeb3a4c1acebeaa3d0942a1b93be0666122ec51aeb9014e71899d7d09e3a25","sha256:c1eb825c24b68db9b7f7da578bf74746763951f2928ca377805622335c7a017d"],"state_sha256":"f4d698ebad63ef1ab4a71430658ed4f9b747d03a89bb67ae7356ae3037779b22"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"63C0ERdBWmWmc7Z/V9vl02SAcftf7lDFvPaHOH9KaPgnmJRbEsigbUvEEpRBsjdZMhd7+jH70e+xLyJghMIgAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T08:50:35.099277Z","bundle_sha256":"ade0fb334e773e09e43391600b3ab6e9ca2f5a38b014db376df23eec3777c3e0"}}