{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2","short_pith_number":"pith:WU4RPPOD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"cc728b10dc8506fe0d55d626be0fa234cb677ce56dd020d99ee75bd24b70f9c9","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ab46aa2ae00cfc75b9c0d4da06854531a64877de563be0c8900b2253293873a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b53917bdc3046482281f7d651205b3a6a7ef1faac47fedd3d30965443cef618e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0709.3269","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0709.3269","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0709.3269v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0709.3269","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU4RPPODARSI","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU4RPPODARSIEKA7","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU4RPPOD","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"cc728b10dc8506fe0d55d626be0fa234cb677ce56dd020d99ee75bd24b70f9c9","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ab46aa2ae00cfc75b9c0d4da06854531a64877de563be0c8900b2253293873a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b53917bdc3046482281f7d651205b3a6a7ef1faac47fedd3d30965443cef618e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598973Z","signature_b64":"sJn1TW1NKZNvqj0zrKBHjXoC9SyK1/Zat5W9hyQORF6MwZRHo3GzZNY3HDM85h1NBCCmoowoAxtimpPOpq7kBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b53917bdc3046482281f7d651205b3a6a7ef1faac47fedd3d30965443cef618e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598512Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598512Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0709.3269","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8lrZXM6l5A71DCtDCD8DFXy/1Hesfoxlh34CQV5db4BScPM27EnFxxdk+Nv232VkOx001LubcnbgwsmaMXrFAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:29:08.597038Z"},"content_sha256":"74fcbedf62174b4bb182b5a5a0b741dc84d2b44644ee132d2595f4ec29adcce6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:74fcbedf62174b4bb182b5a5a0b741dc84d2b44644ee132d2595f4ec29adcce6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Magnetic bion condensation: A new mechanism of confinement and mass gap in four dimensions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Mithat Unsal","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent work, we derived the long-distance confining dynamics of certain QCD-like gauge theories formulated on small $S^1 \\times \\R^3$ based on symmetries, an index theorem, and Abelian duality. Here, we give the microscopic derivation. The solution reveals a new mechanism of confinement in QCD(adj) in the regime where we have control over both perturbative and nonperturbative aspects. In particular, consider SU(2) QCD(adj) theory with $1 \\leq n_f \\leq 4$ Majorana fermions, a theory which undergoes gauge symmetry breaking at small $S^1$. If the magnetic charge of the BPS monopole is normaliz"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0709.3269/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tDGw7mHP7+sENUh3fu/yomUw7tf72lvhbl08FQFc0+LqOIl2VS8DZ2xHzuYFEAfWfFo7AtqDmpRHqYQHEVkbDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:29:08.597417Z"},"content_sha256":"5cf527cfb53e6ee0c0755b114f07ba69055456d88a574966a00875e226c61a78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5cf527cfb53e6ee0c0755b114f07ba69055456d88a574966a00875e226c61a78"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-12T18:29:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:WU4RPPODARSIEKA7PVSREBNTU2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ab46aa2ae00cfc75b9c0d4da06854531a64877de563be0c8900b2253293873a","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc728b10dc8506fe0d55d626be0fa234cb677ce56dd020d99ee75bd24b70f9c9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0709.3269","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0709.3269v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0709.3269","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU4RPPODARSI","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU4RPPODARSIEKA7","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU4RPPOD","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5cf527cfb53e6ee0c0755b114f07ba69055456d88a574966a00875e226c61a78","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0709.3269/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent work, we derived the long-distance confining dynamics of certain QCD-like gauge theories formulated on small $S^1 \\times \\R^3$ based on symmetries, an index theorem, and Abelian duality. Here, we give the microscopic derivation. The solution reveals a new mechanism of confinement in QCD(adj) in the regime where we have control over both perturbative and nonperturbative aspects. In particular, consider SU(2) QCD(adj) theory with $1 \\leq n_f \\leq 4$ Majorana fermions, a theory which undergoes gauge symmetry breaking at small $S^1$. If the magnetic charge of the BPS monopole is normaliz","authors_text":"Mithat Unsal","cross_cats":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","title":"Magnetic bion condensation: A new mechanism of confinement and mass gap in four dimensions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:74fcbedf62174b4bb182b5a5a0b741dc84d2b44644ee132d2595f4ec29adcce6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ab46aa2ae00cfc75b9c0d4da06854531a64877de563be0c8900b2253293873a","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-09-20T17:46:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc728b10dc8506fe0d55d626be0fa234cb677ce56dd020d99ee75bd24b70f9c9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0709.3269","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"b53917bdc3046482281f7d651205b3a6a7ef1faac47fedd3d30965443cef618e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b53917bdc3046482281f7d651205b3a6a7ef1faac47fedd3d30965443cef618e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598512Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598512Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sJn1TW1NKZNvqj0zrKBHjXoC9SyK1/Zat5W9hyQORF6MwZRHo3GzZNY3HDM85h1NBCCmoowoAxtimpPOpq7kBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:48:42.598973Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0709.3269","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:74fcbedf62174b4bb182b5a5a0b741dc84d2b44644ee132d2595f4ec29adcce6","sha256:5cf527cfb53e6ee0c0755b114f07ba69055456d88a574966a00875e226c61a78"],"state_sha256":"fdc7317a665e67d81ded2f1d8526c53a41270c4a744cd701a69347564cadc2e7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vsHLRuf/Jhw0DnNRYtP9g8w3GT2CqgKWUPKXm7EbNqRenrwj34RQTVeUu+bb2gdbQy5lvcYNygZMl+xUe5XCAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:29:08.599734Z","bundle_sha256":"60a51eef71bc7bb0d50d66aaa958d9f32e81a8d6ba350f14a21e24490a728cb0"}}