{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW","short_pith_number":"pith:WU64W4DW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"0ddff5b3be6208f739855c7a25691e65cb055e2dd752e88adc8f09ee2341553f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1479edafe5e14eda7dde9b35add537cb6cb81741efd4688eacbd8c9d524a555"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b53dcb70763709a1175ae9a61c8b585d90d949faa76c6ae85167fc4bdc944487","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.10188","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.10188","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.10188v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.10188","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU64W4DWG4E2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU64W4DWG4E2CF22","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU64W4DW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"0ddff5b3be6208f739855c7a25691e65cb055e2dd752e88adc8f09ee2341553f","abstract_canon_sha256":"d1479edafe5e14eda7dde9b35add537cb6cb81741efd4688eacbd8c9d524a555"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b53dcb70763709a1175ae9a61c8b585d90d949faa76c6ae85167fc4bdc944487","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315893Z","signature_b64":"eNchbxLXW/rd8fmf2NqeIM0O+loOnUNiSLqYmE5VCndRt3snk5R05UsEi+F7TaVgpjGhzhzOvkoE30kNw735Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b53dcb70763709a1175ae9a61c8b585d90d949faa76c6ae85167fc4bdc944487","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315209Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315209Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.10188","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lr0GI4OwBUR60RnZNPNZJOwxy6s3eNfHaq69+HRq/A3Gq3VtxVLmyFnSgBTfAeJNWvhptgn5no+P/zgMDWSEAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:53:54.035102Z"},"content_sha256":"b84d885d3ad47274522fe4ceb2c1d88ebdc3c263f8c427aadad50717c646b3d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b84d885d3ad47274522fe4ceb2c1d88ebdc3c263f8c427aadad50717c646b3d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron Heating by Parallel Electric Fields in Magnetotail Reconnection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","authors_text":"Andris Vaivads, Cecilia Norgren, Daniel B. Graham, Jan Egedal, Konrad Steinvall, Louis Richard, Rumi Nakamura, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate electron heating by magnetic-field-aligned electric fields ($E_\\parallel$) during anti-parallel magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. Using a statistical sample of 140 reconnection outflows, we infer the acceleration potential associated with $E_\\parallel$ from the shape of the electron velocity distribution functions. We show that heating by $E_\\parallel$ in the reconnection outflow can reach up to ten times the inflow electron temperature. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the acceleration potential scales with the inflow Alfv\\'en and electron thermal speeds to "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.10188/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XkU0IbDj+OsWsffvqXapFCqgcTcUR3glBhV9nWj1+djcDG4oAmeAUkPxzvNlYWPDCrwssU+K+Z09sdhICwceBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:53:54.035646Z"},"content_sha256":"79831198eb4be0e01d6c6d7dc6683966ecaba387cd7e7cf39e1a4ed85016d483","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:79831198eb4be0e01d6c6d7dc6683966ecaba387cd7e7cf39e1a4ed85016d483"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T04:53:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:WU64W4DWG4E2CF225GTBZC2YLW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1479edafe5e14eda7dde9b35add537cb6cb81741efd4688eacbd8c9d524a555","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ddff5b3be6208f739855c7a25691e65cb055e2dd752e88adc8f09ee2341553f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.10188","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.10188v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.10188","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WU64W4DWG4E2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WU64W4DWG4E2CF22","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WU64W4DW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:79831198eb4be0e01d6c6d7dc6683966ecaba387cd7e7cf39e1a4ed85016d483","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.10188/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate electron heating by magnetic-field-aligned electric fields ($E_\\parallel$) during anti-parallel magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. Using a statistical sample of 140 reconnection outflows, we infer the acceleration potential associated with $E_\\parallel$ from the shape of the electron velocity distribution functions. We show that heating by $E_\\parallel$ in the reconnection outflow can reach up to ten times the inflow electron temperature. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the acceleration potential scales with the inflow Alfv\\'en and electron thermal speeds to ","authors_text":"Andris Vaivads, Cecilia Norgren, Daniel B. Graham, Jan Egedal, Konrad Steinvall, Louis Richard, Rumi Nakamura, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","title":"Electron Heating by Parallel Electric Fields in Magnetotail Reconnection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b84d885d3ad47274522fe4ceb2c1d88ebdc3c263f8c427aadad50717c646b3d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d1479edafe5e14eda7dde9b35add537cb6cb81741efd4688eacbd8c9d524a555","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T14:57:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ddff5b3be6208f739855c7a25691e65cb055e2dd752e88adc8f09ee2341553f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.10188","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b53dcb70763709a1175ae9a61c8b585d90d949faa76c6ae85167fc4bdc944487","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b53dcb70763709a1175ae9a61c8b585d90d949faa76c6ae85167fc4bdc944487","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315209Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315209Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eNchbxLXW/rd8fmf2NqeIM0O+loOnUNiSLqYmE5VCndRt3snk5R05UsEi+F7TaVgpjGhzhzOvkoE30kNw735Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:59.315893Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.10188","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b84d885d3ad47274522fe4ceb2c1d88ebdc3c263f8c427aadad50717c646b3d3","sha256:79831198eb4be0e01d6c6d7dc6683966ecaba387cd7e7cf39e1a4ed85016d483"],"state_sha256":"df7d78c1ff751b41c0792314bf93e075c81e9b033cf1be1a58c7418605de0999"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ze891pC02XMAixJtE+SMRS2UDUicJwrfAcTyPi9jQtjLHLGapJ2NtcK7Y1BysR89fHWEQCuCftrSrFX0F54xAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:53:54.039851Z","bundle_sha256":"9b96074090ab50bad43c4e03610930fb573138cce99148b87d8ab01df88dd106"}}