{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG","short_pith_number":"pith:WV2EGJSP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"015973e478f9e24e3782ae893191c805597994d2b9caab18b2703fbcbfe9db18","abstract_canon_sha256":"63f2af078417411507992a78f19273902b9e0a2d97ff6820a28f36ba0e51c3e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b57443264faaa0d4d9248fa325bdc3698d68216424366d309d0b103fdaa26c33","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.01991","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.01991","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.01991v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.01991","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WV2EGJSPVKQN","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WV2EGJSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"015973e478f9e24e3782ae893191c805597994d2b9caab18b2703fbcbfe9db18","abstract_canon_sha256":"63f2af078417411507992a78f19273902b9e0a2d97ff6820a28f36ba0e51c3e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b57443264faaa0d4d9248fa325bdc3698d68216424366d309d0b103fdaa26c33","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586961Z","signature_b64":"dGa60N+rBn3bCtIyKVasdL6eCBrANlr19I+yeiRNIGT8xzb+A3Sh6ltJNgqNpy7fV5s4pQXcyI5+1hGb/BBdBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b57443264faaa0d4d9248fa325bdc3698d68216424366d309d0b103fdaa26c33","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586454Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586454Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.01991","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pwpteuvH49n+UQB6nFRJ7G43xtINyFM/Z1sReoy1cpwsQsiKLDnzfrc6MKFANZXsOkvXZXHyWVX/AVSJKX9qAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:42:04.662760Z"},"content_sha256":"978d05a4b3fc4606fbe13997c200ddd8b80a5983466cd74e4fe9f6de1ba5bd4f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:978d05a4b3fc4606fbe13997c200ddd8b80a5983466cd74e4fe9f6de1ba5bd4f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Circuit-Based Intrinsic Methods to Detect Overfitting","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Alan Mishchenko, Satrajit Chatterjee","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"The focus of this paper is on intrinsic methods to detect overfitting. By intrinsic methods, we mean methods that rely only on the model and the training data, as opposed to traditional methods (we call them extrinsic methods) that rely on performance on a test set or on bounds from model complexity. We propose a family of intrinsic methods, called Counterfactual Simulation (CFS), which analyze the flow of training examples through the model by identifying and perturbing rare patterns. By applying CFS to logic circuits we get a method that has no hyper-parameters and works uniformly across dif"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1907.01991/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gGmrhT0Y0bLKWrfjzL/WMKseUKngkDhQVExr1hGciIn1LrIiBMiXgHSl2UaL4kFcHeWSnMjsh53CnrMr82qUCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:42:04.663298Z"},"content_sha256":"2312da7c3da5ac4b7e6c0392af6116928c62afc91d72cc857c06f57337633f3f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2312da7c3da5ac4b7e6c0392af6116928c62afc91d72cc857c06f57337633f3f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T15:42:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJER6RSLPODNG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63f2af078417411507992a78f19273902b9e0a2d97ff6820a28f36ba0e51c3e2","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"015973e478f9e24e3782ae893191c805597994d2b9caab18b2703fbcbfe9db18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.01991","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.01991v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.01991","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WV2EGJSPVKQN","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WV2EGJSPVKQNJWJE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WV2EGJSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2312da7c3da5ac4b7e6c0392af6116928c62afc91d72cc857c06f57337633f3f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1907.01991/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The focus of this paper is on intrinsic methods to detect overfitting. By intrinsic methods, we mean methods that rely only on the model and the training data, as opposed to traditional methods (we call them extrinsic methods) that rely on performance on a test set or on bounds from model complexity. We propose a family of intrinsic methods, called Counterfactual Simulation (CFS), which analyze the flow of training examples through the model by identifying and perturbing rare patterns. By applying CFS to logic circuits we get a method that has no hyper-parameters and works uniformly across dif","authors_text":"Alan Mishchenko, Satrajit Chatterjee","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","title":"Circuit-Based Intrinsic Methods to Detect Overfitting"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:978d05a4b3fc4606fbe13997c200ddd8b80a5983466cd74e4fe9f6de1ba5bd4f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63f2af078417411507992a78f19273902b9e0a2d97ff6820a28f36ba0e51c3e2","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-03T15:32:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"015973e478f9e24e3782ae893191c805597994d2b9caab18b2703fbcbfe9db18"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.01991","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"b57443264faaa0d4d9248fa325bdc3698d68216424366d309d0b103fdaa26c33","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b57443264faaa0d4d9248fa325bdc3698d68216424366d309d0b103fdaa26c33","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586454Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586454Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dGa60N+rBn3bCtIyKVasdL6eCBrANlr19I+yeiRNIGT8xzb+A3Sh6ltJNgqNpy7fV5s4pQXcyI5+1hGb/BBdBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:01.586961Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.01991","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:978d05a4b3fc4606fbe13997c200ddd8b80a5983466cd74e4fe9f6de1ba5bd4f","sha256:2312da7c3da5ac4b7e6c0392af6116928c62afc91d72cc857c06f57337633f3f"],"state_sha256":"9e51c3057e85ab20d7d87d8266232bb7accb493e10c53646703885d045d68050"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pUDjVVicuXkQleM/bBmmngOIREKvUckcFcLS4KYCP6iEOMaVthSYD6zwUx6SfYdfi+yB9ojJxdBgTaJbnOzhCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:42:04.665789Z","bundle_sha256":"e161a12d1e430203b74d265bdd2f7089ac4ebff3d5edf546fa6e515db143a72d"}}