{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:WVFQMEFOCIRA5ZBBTSAVGJBWQF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ea4bde3f330a563a4d99716a355c52c3b15625c16064282e7afe5df99a644c8","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-07-26T12:53:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"be9cf977c0aaebcd69ba620a8b7e0af3e57dd89c0747a438a3920f015bf381f3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.10100","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.10100","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.10100v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.10100","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WVFQMEFOCIRA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WVFQMEFOCIRA5ZBB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WVFQMEFO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:180e541c33b606c6dd3ec013738572c7ebe9f4c1a81e637ca14a1fae9b05f0a2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the implications of including many covariates in a first-step estimate entering a two-step estimation procedure. We find that a first order bias emerges when the number of \\textit{included} covariates is \"large\" relative to the square-root of sample size, rendering standard inference procedures invalid. We show that the jackknife is able to estimate this \"many covariates\" bias consistently, thereby delivering a new automatic bias-corrected two-step point estimator. The jackknife also consistently estimates the standard error of the original two-step point estimator. For inference, we ","authors_text":"Matias D. Cattaneo, Michael Jansson, Xinwei Ma","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-07-26T12:53:58Z","title":"Two-Step Estimation and Inference with Possibly Many Included Covariates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.10100","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:acf1d8f121ffeffb30feef35cad372feff5ce54d6f7e642eb84fa1f66a5999ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ea4bde3f330a563a4d99716a355c52c3b15625c16064282e7afe5df99a644c8","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-07-26T12:53:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"be9cf977c0aaebcd69ba620a8b7e0af3e57dd89c0747a438a3920f015bf381f3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.10100","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b54b0610ae12220ee4219c81532436817b58817f62b49797f76eeb2ec89ed9ff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b54b0610ae12220ee4219c81532436817b58817f62b49797f76eeb2ec89ed9ff","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45.414607Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45.414607Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"azFG8YW0Rt4nKsAu+xuMS1hF1FqVGX//KB+l/8K+gLNp7IIqxKl7UwYekSJ/opdejjS6C6M/1PK4jdNpmFYODA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:45.415280Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.10100","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:acf1d8f121ffeffb30feef35cad372feff5ce54d6f7e642eb84fa1f66a5999ff","sha256:180e541c33b606c6dd3ec013738572c7ebe9f4c1a81e637ca14a1fae9b05f0a2"],"state_sha256":"25acf52453c53d3041fb9d174f5b61f6d91560bfcb76f802c7782671a45131dd"}