{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT","short_pith_number":"pith:WVW5BI3K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"f22a16f9116c50187e275a79e6b7e962d9f0d901e09c98a1e0e91e97be2ffca3","abstract_canon_sha256":"ea36648e8b0a33c4f91fa7a332f27c911c0cc08767dabcf2bed4eb45b28e1176"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b56dd0a36af05d8fdec3d9b7e8c4100cd4bf7d505a54025e680e43fe28b75dfa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.06302","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.06302","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.06302v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.06302","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K6BOY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"f22a16f9116c50187e275a79e6b7e962d9f0d901e09c98a1e0e91e97be2ffca3","abstract_canon_sha256":"ea36648e8b0a33c4f91fa7a332f27c911c0cc08767dabcf2bed4eb45b28e1176"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b56dd0a36af05d8fdec3d9b7e8c4100cd4bf7d505a54025e680e43fe28b75dfa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.935043Z","signature_b64":"eCOGgY6gAzUTIBcv6P9Jcz2U9U7o8391oLW5qSD96ZfZeORQ9CXU1C48Xri1QZlELCLXsUuCBxW9mLRTqe5HCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b56dd0a36af05d8fdec3d9b7e8c4100cd4bf7d505a54025e680e43fe28b75dfa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.934409Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.934409Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.06302","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mf5PPVp8MCr5tgmx1bJkauj+Ylpws4zCNpt+hMXQGUiWXVyusF1UNBOlFK6Y7/GjA3AQdPPdlzxbonHjSMuUAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:03:10.479219Z"},"content_sha256":"1f3b5465a6bd0c10b219312da966d69ac4fc3546c955daa044fd9716fcabd466","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f3b5465a6bd0c10b219312da966d69ac4fc3546c955daa044fd9716fcabd466"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Performance Analysis of SPAD-based OFDM","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Harald Haas, Majid Safari, Robert Henderson, Yichen Li","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, an analytical approach for the nonlinear distorted bit error rate performance of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) with single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receivers is presented. Major distortion effects of passive quenching (PQ) and active quenching (AQ) SPAD receivers are analysed in this study. The performance analysis of DC-biased O-OFDM and asymmetrically clipped O-OFDM with PQ and AQ SPAD are derived. The comparison results show the maximum optical irradiance caused by the nonlinear distortion, which limits the transmission power and bit rate. T"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"//suIoV8FAW3UI/7SNC+Zo/FYCntTWibZ0Ocq4sy7ZPefPNd7q0lb6+G0DAJ0LWa/2wDQWyAd8slyfJoUQ6iAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:03:10.479929Z"},"content_sha256":"5d3610c6af8e0ef5ae92dadc535e4168b22d8eb36bbb3ca7cefd44b2bd508400","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5d3610c6af8e0ef5ae92dadc535e4168b22d8eb36bbb3ca7cefd44b2bd508400"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T04:03:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD3G36RRAQBT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ea36648e8b0a33c4f91fa7a332f27c911c0cc08767dabcf2bed4eb45b28e1176","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"f22a16f9116c50187e275a79e6b7e962d9f0d901e09c98a1e0e91e97be2ffca3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.06302","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.06302v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.06302","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K6BOY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K6BOY7XWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WVW5BI3K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5d3610c6af8e0ef5ae92dadc535e4168b22d8eb36bbb3ca7cefd44b2bd508400","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, an analytical approach for the nonlinear distorted bit error rate performance of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) with single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receivers is presented. Major distortion effects of passive quenching (PQ) and active quenching (AQ) SPAD receivers are analysed in this study. The performance analysis of DC-biased O-OFDM and asymmetrically clipped O-OFDM with PQ and AQ SPAD are derived. The comparison results show the maximum optical irradiance caused by the nonlinear distortion, which limits the transmission power and bit rate. T","authors_text":"Harald Haas, Majid Safari, Robert Henderson, Yichen Li","cross_cats":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","title":"Performance Analysis of SPAD-based OFDM"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1f3b5465a6bd0c10b219312da966d69ac4fc3546c955daa044fd9716fcabd466","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ea36648e8b0a33c4f91fa7a332f27c911c0cc08767dabcf2bed4eb45b28e1176","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.PF","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-05-15T17:23:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"f22a16f9116c50187e275a79e6b7e962d9f0d901e09c98a1e0e91e97be2ffca3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.06302","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b56dd0a36af05d8fdec3d9b7e8c4100cd4bf7d505a54025e680e43fe28b75dfa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b56dd0a36af05d8fdec3d9b7e8c4100cd4bf7d505a54025e680e43fe28b75dfa","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.934409Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.934409Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eCOGgY6gAzUTIBcv6P9Jcz2U9U7o8391oLW5qSD96ZfZeORQ9CXU1C48Xri1QZlELCLXsUuCBxW9mLRTqe5HCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:46:06.935043Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.06302","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1f3b5465a6bd0c10b219312da966d69ac4fc3546c955daa044fd9716fcabd466","sha256:5d3610c6af8e0ef5ae92dadc535e4168b22d8eb36bbb3ca7cefd44b2bd508400"],"state_sha256":"d0bf05608c291b19ba70629798f090295c277ff54c379d955cee447cc6be78f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BvcSA7hbJA/anPx5YvSLGmOZRhLz2lgVUjoq5YMxYPHx3B1vzZG392re3nW7JkkHaendaBNDxJDEydCxKGAiDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T04:03:10.484344Z","bundle_sha256":"888d42677a66eb8368106584a98f280d25011798db8865074e261126aa0ddb45"}}