{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E","short_pith_number":"pith:WVZQ5JMB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"title_canon_sha256":"3e72b53148f56ab7cab6e130512e1543b3699dae623e0c648943e9fba47d5a43","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7033423d99688cd1d2d9e41967b17d19ac1396ebd42ee052edd32a90d46063c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b5730ea581c3cf46071ddfbd00c038f92c802f4275c57041ade0c6f3ef0de44c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1307.1191","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.1191","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.1191v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.1191","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMBYPHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"title_canon_sha256":"3e72b53148f56ab7cab6e130512e1543b3699dae623e0c648943e9fba47d5a43","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7033423d99688cd1d2d9e41967b17d19ac1396ebd42ee052edd32a90d46063c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b5730ea581c3cf46071ddfbd00c038f92c802f4275c57041ade0c6f3ef0de44c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.450426Z","signature_b64":"EYF4qnfO7+0wUMTE81g+kdAmauyNWvbEUMRUJlv1JrjTfERcXPzoegj99XpRu47WbJ/tx2ZWALwlkBFdeMlbBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b5730ea581c3cf46071ddfbd00c038f92c802f4275c57041ade0c6f3ef0de44c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.449728Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.449728Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1307.1191","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bON/9oPkf2e0Z5PphHctl/oZMp8QjhgfmA9fbNX6ceYS3Pt3NRMJFkmZhz9jVfB8fHI+nHXxy1wx4BFgYuRLBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:45:18.343226Z"},"content_sha256":"37dc082c02045582d4d2b9f2fd9b2707e299e0e611a1ede5bd37bf571041b240","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:37dc082c02045582d4d2b9f2fd9b2707e299e0e611a1ede5bd37bf571041b240"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Momentum and energy propagation in tapered granular chains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Alexandre Rosas, Katja Lindenberg, L.P. Machado","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study momentum and energy propagation in 1D tapered chains of spherical granules which interact according to a Hertz potential. In this work we apply the binary collision approximation, which is based on the assumption that transfer of energy along the chain occurs via a succession of two-particle collisions. Although the binary theory correctly captures the trends of increase or decrease of kinetic energy and momentum, the actual values of these quantities are not in good quantitative agreement with those obtained by numerically integrating the full equations of motion. To address this dif"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m6tad+1EEKSAMhbqYkIUMVObtfFdIQ5qAwy/9DrBPUpHyOvPl+dTX384K646R6hXB7e7fAfLvwiYqyTT3rqSBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:45:18.343970Z"},"content_sha256":"b3271d1e571b6b6a0e83b3b22df0ee396258a2754e51a78e3c532d2ecc4ca6a8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b3271d1e571b6b6a0e83b3b22df0ee396258a2754e51a78e3c532d2ecc4ca6a8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T14:45:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5366QBQBY7E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7033423d99688cd1d2d9e41967b17d19ac1396ebd42ee052edd32a90d46063c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"3e72b53148f56ab7cab6e130512e1543b3699dae623e0c648943e9fba47d5a43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.1191","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.1191v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.1191","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMBYPHU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMBYPHUMBY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WVZQ5JMB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b3271d1e571b6b6a0e83b3b22df0ee396258a2754e51a78e3c532d2ecc4ca6a8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study momentum and energy propagation in 1D tapered chains of spherical granules which interact according to a Hertz potential. In this work we apply the binary collision approximation, which is based on the assumption that transfer of energy along the chain occurs via a succession of two-particle collisions. Although the binary theory correctly captures the trends of increase or decrease of kinetic energy and momentum, the actual values of these quantities are not in good quantitative agreement with those obtained by numerically integrating the full equations of motion. To address this dif","authors_text":"Alexandre Rosas, Katja Lindenberg, L.P. Machado","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","title":"Momentum and energy propagation in tapered granular chains"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:37dc082c02045582d4d2b9f2fd9b2707e299e0e611a1ede5bd37bf571041b240","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7033423d99688cd1d2d9e41967b17d19ac1396ebd42ee052edd32a90d46063c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-07-04T03:12:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"3e72b53148f56ab7cab6e130512e1543b3699dae623e0c648943e9fba47d5a43"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.1191","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b5730ea581c3cf46071ddfbd00c038f92c802f4275c57041ade0c6f3ef0de44c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b5730ea581c3cf46071ddfbd00c038f92c802f4275c57041ade0c6f3ef0de44c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.449728Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.449728Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EYF4qnfO7+0wUMTE81g+kdAmauyNWvbEUMRUJlv1JrjTfERcXPzoegj99XpRu47WbJ/tx2ZWALwlkBFdeMlbBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:14.450426Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1307.1191","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:37dc082c02045582d4d2b9f2fd9b2707e299e0e611a1ede5bd37bf571041b240","sha256:b3271d1e571b6b6a0e83b3b22df0ee396258a2754e51a78e3c532d2ecc4ca6a8"],"state_sha256":"6bdab0b9fb14c52670899e9c2854c3591762d187a2ac99d64a2b0995c250d934"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jbc3Xo2g/6ztfAYCq/ZNhW4M6blTvW3lKC3qohWztQwdCknzqhJtD6ZolDP/VVrOu140kCVQ07XC8gPDQw20CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:45:18.347574Z","bundle_sha256":"bf07a355c91497ac5f88cefa42aa8f33a032cba07f4445ece748092d46b770b1"}}