{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST","short_pith_number":"pith:WWOTY2CJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d2cfa53eb64a47cc6ec034d4dcf8b2cbe34d8d0e5c6990f3b894501afdc628bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"ca9b1f6a5983e22b5af51999c69fd86dfa2119698f163b32692dee45902a999b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b59d3c684965afe7a4a1bfb30630ce94c42b1f2ada4abe6745e2711779ed9bd3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.02597","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.02597","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.02597v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.02597","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJMWX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d2cfa53eb64a47cc6ec034d4dcf8b2cbe34d8d0e5c6990f3b894501afdc628bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"ca9b1f6a5983e22b5af51999c69fd86dfa2119698f163b32692dee45902a999b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b59d3c684965afe7a4a1bfb30630ce94c42b1f2ada4abe6745e2711779ed9bd3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.568195Z","signature_b64":"jt1F8nDcZog0zXQu+x28QJjh8Mck62kLAoe4B0OgKCeCnX6IG6HMNP+hZbgFukz7kqGrkuBh+17Cag1zKZiFBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b59d3c684965afe7a4a1bfb30630ce94c42b1f2ada4abe6745e2711779ed9bd3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.567807Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.567807Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.02597","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yLtpJS0+HWUbmKm8aOgvKBpw4YWcg6UakIEhcyajbPj4BgbWITAtirx4zBF9c2HP7iJdgsJVmJttbE9NzfghCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:38:20.268536Z"},"content_sha256":"8cb2b43087626a83b1ab3a882e44f63d75e10aa4e090866c485e6e8f8998458d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8cb2b43087626a83b1ab3a882e44f63d75e10aa4e090866c485e6e8f8998458d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Newcomer Candidate: Characterizing Contributions of a Novice Developer to GitHub","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Dong Wang, Ifraz Rehman, Kenichi Matsumoto, Raula Gaikovina Kula, Takashi Ishio","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context: To attract, onboard, and retain any new-comer in Open Source Software (OSS) projects is vital to their livelihood. Recent studies conclude that OSS projects risk failure due to abandonment and poor participation of newcomers. Evidence suggests more new users are joining GitHub, however, the extent to which they contribute to OSS projects is unknown. Objective: In this study, we coin the term 'newcomer candidate' to describe new users to the GitHub platform. Our objective is to track and characterize their initial contributions. As a preliminary survey, we collected 208 newcomer candid"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.02597/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rivwPgQaeFFO4DAxsUavGgxgrhYTN8Qy8eBkqzf0sD8GoMdr4t4Z0OCXvbUHDnaa7kAPYJHT7ord86QvRZYTDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:38:20.268891Z"},"content_sha256":"1e82869662b951fecb1aa0c04e2b2531df86536b3d7206c670fa7457092aa159","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e82869662b951fecb1aa0c04e2b2531df86536b3d7206c670fa7457092aa159"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T15:38:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFBX6ZQMMGOST","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ca9b1f6a5983e22b5af51999c69fd86dfa2119698f163b32692dee45902a999b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2cfa53eb64a47cc6ec034d4dcf8b2cbe34d8d0e5c6990f3b894501afdc628bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.02597","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.02597v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.02597","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJMWX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJMWX6PJFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WWOTY2CJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1e82869662b951fecb1aa0c04e2b2531df86536b3d7206c670fa7457092aa159","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.02597/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context: To attract, onboard, and retain any new-comer in Open Source Software (OSS) projects is vital to their livelihood. Recent studies conclude that OSS projects risk failure due to abandonment and poor participation of newcomers. Evidence suggests more new users are joining GitHub, however, the extent to which they contribute to OSS projects is unknown. Objective: In this study, we coin the term 'newcomer candidate' to describe new users to the GitHub platform. Our objective is to track and characterize their initial contributions. As a preliminary survey, we collected 208 newcomer candid","authors_text":"Dong Wang, Ifraz Rehman, Kenichi Matsumoto, Raula Gaikovina Kula, Takashi Ishio","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","title":"Newcomer Candidate: Characterizing Contributions of a Novice Developer to GitHub"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8cb2b43087626a83b1ab3a882e44f63d75e10aa4e090866c485e6e8f8998458d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ca9b1f6a5983e22b5af51999c69fd86dfa2119698f163b32692dee45902a999b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2020-08-06T12:08:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2cfa53eb64a47cc6ec034d4dcf8b2cbe34d8d0e5c6990f3b894501afdc628bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b59d3c684965afe7a4a1bfb30630ce94c42b1f2ada4abe6745e2711779ed9bd3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b59d3c684965afe7a4a1bfb30630ce94c42b1f2ada4abe6745e2711779ed9bd3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.567807Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.567807Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jt1F8nDcZog0zXQu+x28QJjh8Mck62kLAoe4B0OgKCeCnX6IG6HMNP+hZbgFukz7kqGrkuBh+17Cag1zKZiFBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:25:15.568195Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.02597","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8cb2b43087626a83b1ab3a882e44f63d75e10aa4e090866c485e6e8f8998458d","sha256:1e82869662b951fecb1aa0c04e2b2531df86536b3d7206c670fa7457092aa159"],"state_sha256":"c029a1c9e822991fee2cdb6f4c701f78fd10932105d076d7f47fd25b2ca167ba"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1yqB4hV8xNjC2ZLNTs4ozyUomREkGVIcK1yUPGHuvMJX+0DhGqa+9YoqEMC8jB8YZ0dCgmlydLhi5/pGPioaDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:38:20.270680Z","bundle_sha256":"07582a9b9fa0c67354e065552eccde034c7405e5cd4acdf4ba5b07d7445a4800"}}