{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2020:WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO","short_pith_number":"pith:WWTGAO36","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"b5a6603b7eb22ab2c28eee891685e89bba614e12214967676b014dd365c00b1f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2009.01728","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The GW190521 Mass Gap Event and the Primordial Black Hole Scenario","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Riotto, G. Franciolini, P. Pani, V. De Luca, V. Desjacques","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T15:06:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has recently observed GW190521, the first binary black hole merger with at least the primary component mass in the mass gap predicted by the pair-instability supernova theory. This observation disfavors the standard stellar-origin formation scenario for the heavier black hole, motivating alternative hypotheses. We show that GW190521 cannot be explained within the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) scenario if PBHs do not accrete during their cosmological evolution, since this would require an abundance which is already in tension with current constraints. On the other han"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.01728","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T15:06:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"7bfb1a60c15bfc68f3d383de8d77c25d760fb4483beeeda9c87466a48b135061","abstract_canon_sha256":"bfdf7741af64ab00ad71b12f45bfc6a4ac06911b2e7affd3a6863ab05069c84b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.057014Z","signature_b64":"Bjaz6DSBXB0BzNU4uSWakjSUR3RZEDqm6KcSrSCszSsd0qsb/AeXtOL6cYss3KhX1fK/whg1Aresuig/xmyFCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b5a6603b7eb22ab2c28eee891685e89bba614e12214967676b014dd365c00b1f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056577Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The GW190521 Mass Gap Event and the Primordial Black Hole Scenario","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Riotto, G. Franciolini, P. Pani, V. De Luca, V. Desjacques","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T15:06:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has recently observed GW190521, the first binary black hole merger with at least the primary component mass in the mass gap predicted by the pair-instability supernova theory. This observation disfavors the standard stellar-origin formation scenario for the heavier black hole, motivating alternative hypotheses. We show that GW190521 cannot be explained within the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) scenario if PBHs do not accrete during their cosmological evolution, since this would require an abundance which is already in tension with current constraints. On the other han"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.01728","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2009.01728/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.01728","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.01728v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.01728","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WWTGAO36WIVL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WWTGAO36","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":6,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.06355","citing_title":"$\\tt BlackHawk$ $\\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes","ref_index":113,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2507.15951","citing_title":"Distinguishing Neutron Star vs. Low-Mass Black Hole Binaries with Late Inspiral & Postmerger Gravitational Waves $-$ Sensitivity to Transmuted Black Holes and Non-Annihilating Dark Matter","ref_index":51,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.27424","citing_title":"Extracting Properties of Dark Dense Environments around Black Holes from Gravitational Waves","ref_index":14,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2108.01045","citing_title":"GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run","ref_index":232,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2602.07972","citing_title":"Self-resonance preheating in deformed attractor models: oscillon formation and evolution","ref_index":120,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.22634","citing_title":"Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts","ref_index":21,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO","json":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WWTGAO36"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/WWTGAO36","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2009.01728&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/WWTGAO36WIVLFQUO52ERNBPITO/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T02:13:49.056640+00:00"}