{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3","short_pith_number":"pith:WYUK3CQD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de322d529a501adc79d347c5df4fed20a7c7c1c41b3e2eb5bcdacca0c9db5174","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd52e3cab80b023b964d8a8fe3adae1e9322630c9ffcff10a69d549ff90b84f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b628ad8a0338947dd27a58093ce57036cd6b3ca0851d5d5c8d5e1af7ee38227e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"cond-mat/0606165","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0606165","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0606165v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0606165","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WYUK3CQDHCKH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WYUK3CQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de322d529a501adc79d347c5df4fed20a7c7c1c41b3e2eb5bcdacca0c9db5174","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd52e3cab80b023b964d8a8fe3adae1e9322630c9ffcff10a69d549ff90b84f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"b628ad8a0338947dd27a58093ce57036cd6b3ca0851d5d5c8d5e1af7ee38227e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.749443Z","signature_b64":"9WoTOzS06S1oYekTnhdpd+0pZe4lYRi4BocBmzy0YT4kNr+oWOFMcCI329xKSPa6xxwETe+NBt/pVXxD1jzHAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"b628ad8a0338947dd27a58093ce57036cd6b3ca0851d5d5c8d5e1af7ee38227e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.748998Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.748998Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"cond-mat/0606165","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cWecHpd2+9lBplqUvp1UiCyG5eHAX5/0Aeai4BYywhkbZAgkCWmbiOgMyoUVCoygQU4tfQHw6IRBTqOo3Z5zDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:36:11.468676Z"},"content_sha256":"324988712904456d4c2ed6038493bc0576a27e7183c1dc677431045d306c50fe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:324988712904456d4c2ed6038493bc0576a27e7183c1dc677431045d306c50fe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An exact study of charge-spin separation, pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps in four-site Hubbard clusters","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","authors_text":"Armen N. Kocharian, Gayanath W. Fernando, James W. Davenport, Kalum Palandage","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"An exact study of charge-spin separation, pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps is carried out by combining the analytical eigenvalues of the four-site Hubbard clusters with the grand canonical and canonical ensemble approaches in a multidimensional parameter space of temperature (T), magnetic field (h), on-site interaction (U) and chemical potential. Our results, near the average number of electrons <N>=3, strongly suggest the existence of a critical parameter U_{c}(T) for the localization of electrons and a particle-hole binding (positive) gap at U>U_{c}(T), with a zero temperature quantum cri"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ub3bFVj5fMGjXuty+4+MGaKPbmzFmjfNA06Qe8ZVrsFA1VObEuGIIARKpKZXxSe9/et7LvT3M1uK+Ug6R2/XAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:36:11.469432Z"},"content_sha256":"c3a9636e8bb3858c6402d2b9c7b847596542b88fc987c627e5cb0473daa89b9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c3a9636e8bb3858c6402d2b9c7b847596542b88fc987c627e5cb0473daa89b9f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T23:36:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2LAETZZLQG3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd52e3cab80b023b964d8a8fe3adae1e9322630c9ffcff10a69d549ff90b84f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"de322d529a501adc79d347c5df4fed20a7c7c1c41b3e2eb5bcdacca0c9db5174"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"cond-mat/0606165","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"cond-mat/0606165v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0606165","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"WYUK3CQDHCKH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"WYUK3CQDHCKH3UT2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"WYUK3CQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c3a9636e8bb3858c6402d2b9c7b847596542b88fc987c627e5cb0473daa89b9f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"An exact study of charge-spin separation, pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps is carried out by combining the analytical eigenvalues of the four-site Hubbard clusters with the grand canonical and canonical ensemble approaches in a multidimensional parameter space of temperature (T), magnetic field (h), on-site interaction (U) and chemical potential. Our results, near the average number of electrons <N>=3, strongly suggest the existence of a critical parameter U_{c}(T) for the localization of electrons and a particle-hole binding (positive) gap at U>U_{c}(T), with a zero temperature quantum cri","authors_text":"Armen N. Kocharian, Gayanath W. Fernando, James W. Davenport, Kalum Palandage","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","title":"An exact study of charge-spin separation, pairing fluctuations and pseudogaps in four-site Hubbard clusters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:324988712904456d4c2ed6038493bc0576a27e7183c1dc677431045d306c50fe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd52e3cab80b023b964d8a8fe3adae1e9322630c9ffcff10a69d549ff90b84f3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","submitted_at":"2006-06-07T16:46:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"de322d529a501adc79d347c5df4fed20a7c7c1c41b3e2eb5bcdacca0c9db5174"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"cond-mat/0606165","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"b628ad8a0338947dd27a58093ce57036cd6b3ca0851d5d5c8d5e1af7ee38227e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"b628ad8a0338947dd27a58093ce57036cd6b3ca0851d5d5c8d5e1af7ee38227e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.748998Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.748998Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9WoTOzS06S1oYekTnhdpd+0pZe4lYRi4BocBmzy0YT4kNr+oWOFMcCI329xKSPa6xxwETe+NBt/pVXxD1jzHAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:49.749443Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"cond-mat/0606165","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:324988712904456d4c2ed6038493bc0576a27e7183c1dc677431045d306c50fe","sha256:c3a9636e8bb3858c6402d2b9c7b847596542b88fc987c627e5cb0473daa89b9f"],"state_sha256":"e3d7ea4c17a10745b13cfb01030165eabfea7ac7092b1212f4cdbc476bd00455"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/ok9JGVLoRdYUM05VAEYNYn5l26BnpxftkVZVM9dvN4mNRNXTUzqP4g7EAjH132ZXBdy17Ibg7AwXzlZcdT6BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T23:36:11.473121Z","bundle_sha256":"710832b65f176119dcb2876dbc44272ea05b78fff89e37e010aa98034639fcb4"}}